Compreensão e Produção de TextosProfessor: Fabio Nunes
Aula 1: Discurso e texto: marcas ideológicas, conceitos e relações
Content
1. Concepts of text and discourse
2. Ideology in texts
#1 Concepts of text
and discourse
1. Concepts of text and discourse
1. Concepts of text and discourse
1. Concepts of text and discourse
?
Who is this “WE” in each text?
Initial Concepts Each person is a social agent in a network
of social relations that happen in specific places in a cultural society.
Each society is formed by a set of institutions, which have their own practices, values, meanings, prohibitions and permissions.
These practices, values and meanings are articulated through language.
1. Concepts of text and discourse
Discourse Discourse is the set of
statements that, articulated through language, express the values and meanings of the different institutions (religious, political, advertising, educational, etc..).
1. Concepts of text and discourse
Text Text is the
verbal, nonverbal or syncretic embodiment in which the discourse is manifested.
1. Concepts of text and discourse
Properties of discourse It is established within a social activity
(family, commerce, school, law, marketing, news, etc.)
It is interactive and dialogical, since it is co-participative and linked to other discourses.
Involves subjects with specific roles/social conditions (doctor/patient; father/son; husband/wife; boss/employee; salesperson/customer, etc.)
1. Concepts of text and discourse
Properties of discourse It is historically and social-culturally
located (it happens in a specific context).
It is regulated by norms of social behavior.
It is oriented to the achievement of a goal.
1. Concepts of text and discourse
Properties of text Materializes a discursive production.
It is legitimated in a located enunciative context.
It has an author.
It works as a “map” for the construction and exchange of meanings.
1. Concepts of text and discourse
Properties of text It presents a formal layout.
It happens through one or more language modes.
It is carried by a media support.
Demonstrates relation with other texts.
1. Concepts of text and discourse
Text vs Discourse
While the text is a physical entity,
the linguistic, imagetic or syncretic
production of one or more
individuals, the discourse is the
set of principles, values and
meanings “behind” the text.
1. Concepts of text and discourse
Text vs DiscourseThe discourse organizes the text
and establishes its format, which topics, objects or processes it will discuss and how.
Texts created in the discourse of church, political parties, industry, science or school will be different.
1. Concepts of text and discourse
Activity 1Look at each of the following texts and discuss:
1. What kind of text is it?
2. What is the media support?
3. What is the institution/social group?
4. What is the message/purpose of the text?
5. How did you find the answers?
1. Concepts of text and discourse
#2Ideology in
texts
Ideology
Ideology is a system of interdependent
ideas (beliefs, traditions, principles and
myths), supported by a social group of
any kind, which reflect, rationalize and
defend their own interests and
institutional commitments: moral,
religious, political or economic.
2. Ideology in texts
Ideology and power
The language, as an instrument of
human communication, is at the service
of the power that settles into our
relationships and all consequences
arising from such power.
2. Ideology in texts
Ideology and text
The text, as a discursive activity,
presents various ideological marks.
Identifying these marks gives the reader
a critical instrument.
2. Ideology in texts
Power relations In social relations, the one who has power is
the one who best articulates the word to
ensure that power.
It occurs in all types of relationships, from
marriage and family to the policies
worldwide. When the discourse of the
dominant loses power, the power relation
becomes fragile.
2. Ideology in texts
Language as discourse
It is place of conflict, ideological
confrontation, and can not be studied
outside of society, since the processes
that constitute it are historical and
social.
2. Ideology in texts
Language as discourse
Every discourse is invested with
ideology, i.e., specific ways of
conceiving reality.
Every discourse is also a reflection of a
certain hegemony, i.e., the exercise of
power and domination of some over
others.
2. Ideology in texts
Activity 2Look at each of the following texts and discuss:
1. What kind of text is it?
2. What is the institution/social group?
3. What is the ideology?
4. How did you find the answers?
2. Ideology in texts
Activity 3Choose a text for next class and present to the class, discussing:
1. The kind of text;
2. The institution/social group;
3. The ideology.
2. Ideology in texts
Sources
• MEURER, J. Aspectos do processo de produção de textos escritos. In: Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. Campinas, Jan/Jun, 1993, p. 37-48.
• GUIMARÃES, A. O conceito de Ideologia. Disponível em: http://descomplica.com.br/redacao/as-marcas-ideologicas-no-texto/o-conceito-de-ideologia. Acesso em Julho de 2014.