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Managing Trunk
Diseases of Grapevine
Kendra Baumgartner
Chris Wallis United States Department of Agriculture
Dario Cantu
Mark Lubell
David Doll
Themis Michailides
Philippe Rolshausen University of California
Jonathan Kaplan
California State University
Mizuho Nita
Virginia Tech
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Eutypa
dieback Esca
Phomopsis
dieback Botryosphaeria
dieback
GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES
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Eutypa lata
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora
Phaeoacremonium minimum
Diaporthe ampelina
Neofusicoccum parvum
Diplodia seriata
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
GRAPEVINE TRUNK DISEASES
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Rain induces spore release and
dispersal.
Cold temperatures delay wound healing.
![Page 5: Diseases of Grapevine United States Department of Agriculture...Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis 1. Basal buds push into new shoots at base of trunk 2. Trunk sucker is trained up](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051910/5ffff26f6db595778c4d0196/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Eutypa dieback Esca
Phomopsis dieback Botryosphaeria
dieback
![Page 6: Diseases of Grapevine United States Department of Agriculture...Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis 1. Basal buds push into new shoots at base of trunk 2. Trunk sucker is trained up](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051910/5ffff26f6db595778c4d0196/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
EUTYPA DIEBACK
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
EUTYPA DIEBACK
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
![Page 9: Diseases of Grapevine United States Department of Agriculture...Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis 1. Basal buds push into new shoots at base of trunk 2. Trunk sucker is trained up](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051910/5ffff26f6db595778c4d0196/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
ESCA (AKA MEASLES)
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
Botryosphaeria dieback
Eutypa dieback
Phomopsis dieback
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
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DISEASE INCIDENCE INCREASES WITH VINEYARD AGE
0 5 10 15 20 25
100
80
60
40
20
0
From Duthie et al. 1991 (Colombard vineyards ranging from 5 to 34 years)
Years
Preventative
practices
Post-infection
practices
75% of
vines are
symptomatic
20% of
vines are
symptomatic
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
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Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis
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Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis
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SCENARIO 1
YOUNG VINEYARD (3 TO 5-YRS-OLD)
DISEASE INCIDENCE IS LOW TO NON-EXISTENT
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PREVENTATIVE PRACTICES
Delayed
Pruning
December ✖
January ✖
February ✖
March ✔
Protectants
Topsin,
Rally,
B-Lock,
Vitiseal
Double
Pruning
1st pass in
December,
2nd pass in
March
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
December ✖
Petzold et al.
1981. Pruning
wound
susceptibility
to Eutypa
dieback.
High spores
Low spores
No spores
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
February ✖
High spores
Low
spores
No spores
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March ✔
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VINEYARD ACREAGE IN CALIFORNIA ~900K ACRES
HIGH COST OF PRUNING
FEWER SKILLED LABORERS IN MARCH
ALTERNATIVES TO DELAYED PRUNING:
• DOUBLE PRUNING
• PRUNING-WOUND PROTECTANTS
December ✖ February ✖ March ✔
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Pruning-wound protectants
-Topsin M (thiophanate-methyl)
-Rally (myclobutanil)
-B-lock (boron)
-Vitiseal
*Apply before rain, which induces spore
production/dispersal.
PREVENTATIVE PRACTICES
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$42,282
-$39,662
$12,784
$5,787
-$19,624
-$50,000
-$40,000
-$30,000
-$20,000
-$10,000
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
0 5 10 15 20 25Vineyard Age
Healthy Vineyard Infected Vineyard Year 3 Year 5 Year 10
CUMULATIVE NET RETURNS WITH TOPSIN
(50% disease control efficacy)
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Delayed
Pruning Topsin
Double
Pruning
25% effective
Year 3 19 19 18
Year 5 14 14 13
Year 10 12 12 12
50% effective
Year 3 25 25 25
Year 5 19 19 18
Year 10 14 14 13
75% effective
Year 3 25 25 25
Year 5 20 21 19
Year 10 14 14 14
LAST YEAR THAT ANNUAL NET RETURNS ARE POSITIVE
(out of 25 years total)
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SCENARIO 2
MATURE VINEYARD (10-YRS-OLD)
DISEASE INCIDENCE IS LOW (20%)
SYMPTOMATIC VINES – POST-INFECTION PRACTICES
ENTIRE VINEYARD – PREVENTATIVE PRACTICES
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POST-INFECTION PRACTICES
Vine surgery Replanting
Replant rows
or
Sections of
vineyard
Sanitation
Cut out
infected
spurs and
cordons
Retrain cordon
Retrain trunk
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Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis
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Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis
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Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis
1. Basal buds push
into new shoots at
base of trunk
2. Trunk sucker is
trained up trellis
system
3. Old vine kept in
place for 1-2 yrs.
OR
1. Old vine cut at base
2. Basal buds push
into new shoots at
base of trunk
3. Trunk sucker is
trained up trellis
system
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Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis
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Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
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Photo by Mark Sosnowski, So. Australian Research & Dev. Inst.
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SCENARIO 3
MATURE VINEYARD (15-YRS-OLD)
DISEASE INCIDENCE IS HIGH (75%)
ALL VINES – RETRAIN TRUNK AND/OR REPLANT ROWS
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POST-INFECTION PRACTICES
Vine surgery Replanting
Replant rows
or
Sections of
vineyard
Sanitation
Cut out
infected
spurs and
cordons
Retrain cordon
Retrain trunk
![Page 43: Diseases of Grapevine United States Department of Agriculture...Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis 1. Basal buds push into new shoots at base of trunk 2. Trunk sucker is trained up](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051910/5ffff26f6db595778c4d0196/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
PREVENTATIVE PRACTICES
Delayed
Pruning
December ✖
January ✖
February ✖
March ✔
Protectants
Topsin,
Rally,
B-Lock,
Vitiseal
Double
Pruning
1st pass in
December,
2nd pass in
March
![Page 44: Diseases of Grapevine United States Department of Agriculture...Photo by Renaud Travadon, UC Davis 1. Basal buds push into new shoots at base of trunk 2. Trunk sucker is trained up](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051910/5ffff26f6db595778c4d0196/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Specialty Crop Research Initiative
USDA, National Institute of Food & Agriculture
American Vineyard Foundation
California Table Grape Commission
treeandvinetrunkdiseases.org