Download - Divergent
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A) 2 oceanic plates move away from each other
Bi) Magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap between the plates as they diverge.
1. Oceanic-oceanic plate divergence
P11. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean cutting across Iceland, a volcanic island.
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Bii) New sea floor is formed when the magma cools and solidifies. This process is called sea-floor spreading.
Bii) Magma rises at the zone of divergence/spreading zone to form a ridge of new ocean floor called mid-oceanic ridge.
1. Oceanic-oceanic plate divergence
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Ci) The newly formed (youngest) rocks are closest to the middle of the ridge/plate boundaries.
Cii) At various points along the ridge, magma builds up above the ocean to form volcanic islands.
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1. Oceanic-oceanic plate divergence
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2. Continental–continental plate divergenceA)2 continental plates move away from each other
B)Stretched and causes fractures at boundaries
C)Land in between sinks and forms rift valley and volcanoes
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2. Continental–continental plate divergence• Can result in the breakup of continents
• E.g. Great Rift Valley (East Africa)– a lowland with steep sides and flat valley
floor
– formed by Somalian boundary of the African Plate moving away from the Nubia plate boundary of the African Plate
– 6,000 kilometres long
– between 30 to 100 kilometres wide
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• Can result in the formation of linear sea
• E.g. Red Sea and Gulf of Aden near the Great Rift Valley – Elongated/linear shape
– 1,900 km long
– 300 km at its widest
– Average depth of 500 m
– Evidence of tectonic
activity formation of
new volcanic island in
Red Sea
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IMPT! P25 Rift valleys and block mountains
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• A fault is a fracture in the rocks along which the rocks are displaced.
• The tensional forces result in parts of the crust being fractured.
• This process is called faulting.
FAULTING
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• A rift valley is a valley with steep sides formed along fault lines. E.g. East African Rift Valley
Formation of Rift Valley
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• A block mountain is a block of land with steep sides. It is formed when sections of the crust extend along fault lines and rock masses surrounding a central block sink due to tensional forces.
Block mountains
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