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D.J.Kulkarni ,
Deputy Director, ARAI
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Why advanced ITS and
Safety Systems?
�Building Ideal VehiclesVehicles
○Safer &
○ More comfortable
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Why Advanced ITS & Safety
Systems? contd.
� Insert Road Accident Deaths graph from
Toyota Presentation
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Why Advanced safety systems? contd.
� Road accidents continuously rising all
over the world
� India accounts for 6% of world deaths
though it has just 1% of vehicle though it has just 1% of vehicle
population
� About 90,000 deaths every year in India
due to road accidents
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Safe Vehicles
Stages of accidents Roles of 3 elements
� Safe Driving
� Accident avoidance
� Collision prediction
Active
Safety
Human
Vehicle
� Occupant Protection
� Pedestrian Protection
� Occupant rescueHuman
Passive
Safety
Enviro
nmentAccident
Enviro
nment
Vehicle
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How do we achieve safety?
�Extensive use of electronic,
information and
communication technologies communication technologies
�To devise solutions to
problems which automobiles
have created- emission and
safety.
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� Basic functions of vehicle:
� Traveling
� Stopping &
� Turning
� ITS (Intelligent Transport System)
increases vehicle functionality
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Vehicle Functionality
� Increasing vehicle functionality means
�Advancing “Information Service Functions “ that integrates vehicles with telecommunication vehicles with telecommunication systems &
� “Driving Assist Functions” that use communication and sensing technologies to create intelligent vehicles.
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Advancement of Information
Service Functions� Information Service Functions add to
basic vehicle functions of traveling, stopping and turning the function of� Connecting the vehicles to the Society at
largelarge
○ by use of communication and
○ sensing technologies
� Since traffic safety cannot be ensured by just by controlling individual vehicles BUT interaction of individual vehicles with the entire traffic
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Information Service Functions
� Information Service Functions include
� Car Navigation and
� Telematics
� Vehicle Security� Vehicle Security
� Route Search
� Operator Service
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Car Navigation
� Advanced Car Navigation Systems
include
� Road Maps
� Suggestions on routes based on past � Suggestions on routes based on past statistical data and driving histories
� Real time information on traffic congestion, accidents, traffic restrictions, parking , etc.
� Predicting required travel time
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Telematics
� Advanced telematics to realize the harmonious coexistence of vehicles and society
� Route guidance to avoid traffic congestion using advanced technologies to predict road traffic conditionsusing advanced technologies to predict road traffic conditions
� On demand entertainment system
� Emergency call Service tying up with Police and Fire Service
� Car security to track vehicle thefts
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Driving Assist Functions
Operation assist Judgment
assist
Sense assist
Intelligent VDIM Cruise Pre Crash AFS Front & Intelligent
Parking
System
VDIM Cruise
Control
VSC Radar Cruise Control
Pre Crash AFS Front &
Side
Monitoring
Night View
Blind Corner Monitoring
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Driving Assist Functions
Source: Renault
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Driving Assist Functions
� Night View
� Intelligent Parking Assist
� Lane keeping Assist
� Pre Crash Safety SystemsPre Crash Safety Systems
� Driver monitoring systems
� Rear Pre Crash safety systems
� Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management
� Radar Cruise Control with all speed tracking function
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Night View
� System supports driver’s vision at night
� Near infrared light to display light to display road surface, fallen objects, pedestrians, etc.
� Display on lower part of the windshield
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Different views of low beam, main beam andactive night vision with infrared light source.
LOW BEAM
HIGH BEAM
NIGHT
VISION
RANGE
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Adaptive Front Lighting System
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Full AFS, Application
100 m
• AL: Adverse weather Lighting
function
• BL :Bending Lighting function
• CL :Country road Lighting function
50 m
ML
Motorway Country Town
CL TL TL+BL TL+AL
8 m8 m 8 m8 m 8 m8 m 8 m8 m 8 m8 m
• CL :Country road Lighting function
• ML:Motorway Lighting function
• TL :Town Lighting function
• others (e.g. DRL) may be incorporated
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Night vision using Infra Red camera
Pedestrian
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Scene of a night
ride without night
vision system
Scene of a night ride
with night vision
system, which projects
the recorded pictureonto the windscreen
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Intelligent Parking Assist
� Ultrasonic sensors used to detect parking space
� Driver can park the car without any steering operation, just using brakessteering operation, just using brakes
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Lane keeping Assist Function
� Lane deviation Alarm
� Alerts driver with a buzzer and display
� Applies a small counter steering force to keep it in lanekeep it in lane
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Lane keeping assist function contd.
� Lane keeping assist
� Constantly applies a small counter steering force to help vehicle stay in the middle of the road
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Pre Crash Safety
� High performance radar at the front to detect
vehicles and obstacles
� Stereo Camera capturing 3 dimensionally
objects’ positions and distance from the objects’ positions and distance from the
vehicle
� Near infrared
projector rays to
detect objects at
night
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Pre Crash Safety
Stereo CameraDriver Monitoring
Camera
Collision Determination ECU
Pre Crash Brake
Pre
Crash
Seat
System Configuration
Millimeter wave Radar
Near- Infrared Ray Projection with Lamp
Steering Control
Suspension Control
Seat
Belt
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Driver Monitoring system
Detection of Facial Width
Detection of Position Facial Features
Computation of Facial Center
Computation of degree of Direction in which Driver’s face is looking based on Detection of Left side & Right side of the face.
� Camera mounted on steering column & image processing
computer is used to detect the directions of driver’s face.
� If the system detects that the driver is not facing forward
when there is possibility of a collision, it will warn the driver
more rapidly than if the driver was facing forward.
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Driver Monitoring system
� Warns the driver with Buzzer & Warning Light.
� If driver still does not react, then driver is
physically warned through application of pre
crash brakes.
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Rear Pre Crash Safety
� Radar in the rear bumper
detects
� Hazard warning flash if
system determines possibility
of collision.of collision.
� If system determines further
possibility of collision,
automatic activation of front
seat pre crash intelligent head
rest shifted to appropriate
position to reduce whiplash
injuries.
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Vehicle Dynamics Integrated
Management ( VDIM )Evolution of VDIM :
1971
1987
1995
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Vehicle Dynamics Integrated
Management ( VDIM )
� Ideal Vehicle Dynamics
� High level of active safety through integrated
control of various vehicle functions, like engine,
Advanced system achieving,
control of various vehicle functions, like engine,
brakes & steering, which used to be controlled
separately.
� VDIM integrates all the functions
� Aims to deliver total safety without sacrifying the
joy of Driving by maximising wheel performance
in normal & extreme conditions
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Vehicle Dynamics Integrated
Management ( VDIM )
Smooth & Seamless
� VSC : Applies large force after vehicle becomes unstable
� VDIM : Control begins before the vehicle loses stability.
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Vehicle Dynamics Integrated
Management ( VDIM )
Vehicle without Stability Control Vehicle with Stability Control ( VSC )
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Vehicle Dynamics Integrated
Management
( VDIM ) Contd.
Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management ( VDIM )
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Vehicle Dynamics Integrated
Management
( VDIM ) Contd.
VSC Control
VDIM : Control begins before the vehicle loses stability
VDIM
ControlVSC : Applies large force after vehicle becomes unstable
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Vehicle Dynamics Integrated
Management
( VDIM ) Contd.
Steering Angle Sensor
Brake Pedal Stroke Sensor
Braking Hydraulic Pressure Sensor
ECB Actuator
ECB ECU
VGRS Actuator
Steering Torque Sensor
EPS ActuatorEngine ECU
EPS ECU
Yaw Rate Acceleration Sensor
Wheel Speed Sensor
Sensor
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Radar Cruise Control with All Speed Tracking Function
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Radar Cruise Control with All Speed
Tracking Function
Cruise ControlCruise Control Tracking Mode Tracking Mode Stop
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Passive Safety Systems
Steering Wheels & Driver Airbag
Seatbelt
Electronics
Airbag
Active Restraint System
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Active Control Retractor
Advantages of ACR
Contribute to driver stabilization.
Take seat belt slack according with driving conditions (sensing through VSC & ABS).(sensing through VSC & ABS).
Improve Occupant position, before collision and roll over.
Reversible pre-tensioning.
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Rollover Protection Enhancement
ECUInflator
Roll-Over/Canopy
Ejection mitigated for all roll scenarios.
Head strike through mitigated during extended (7 seconds) roll.
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� With information technologies vehicles
become more and more intelligent.
� Vehicle designers’ challenge
� How not to do over-controlling the vehicle � How not to do over-controlling the vehicle which will eliminate the thrill and fun of driving
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THANK YOU……….