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Do Now
1. What is biogeography?
2. Why do distantly related species in very different places sometimes share similar traits?
Study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past.
Biogeographical patterns• Closely related species
differentiate in slightly different climates.
• Very distantly related species develop similarities in similar environments.
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Homework and Announcements
Read/Notes 26.3 and pages 902-903Typed Lab Report: turnitin.comUSA TestPrep
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Title: Evidence of Evolution – 16.4
How does the geographic distribution of species today relate to their evolutionary history?
How do fossils help to document the descent of modern species from ancient ancestors?
What do homologous structures and similarities in embryonic development suggest about the process of evolutionary change?
How can molecular biology be used to trace the process of evolution?
What does recent research on the Galapagos finches show about natural selection?
SWBAT describe evidence of evolution.
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Brain Pop – Charles Darwin
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Evidence of EvolutionDarwin hypothesized that animals
evolved because of natural selection… what is that??
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BiogeographyPatterns in the distribution of living
and fossil species tell us how modern organisms evolved from their ancestors.
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BiogeographyClosely related but different
Distantly related but similar
Alike species with different traits
Different species with same traits (similar environment)
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Age of Earth & Fossils
Radioactive data shows Earth to be 4.5 billion years old – supporting Darwin’s theory (lots of time for evolution)
Recent fossil records are filling the gaps, showing that modern species evolved from extinct ancestors.
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Comparing Anatomy & EmbryologyEvolutionary theory explains the existence
of homologous structures adapted to different purposes as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor.
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Comparing Anatomy & Physiology
Homologous Analogous
Similar structure Similar function
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Comparing Anatomy & EmbryologyVestigial structures aren’t necessary,
but don’t harm the function of the organism and so they remain
Example: Appendix!
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Comparing Anatomy & EmbryologySimilar patterns of embryological
development provide further evidence that organisms have descended from a common ancestor.
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Genetics & Molecular BiologyAt the molecular level, the universal
genetic code and homologous molecules provide evidence of common descent
Most of the DNA and RNA used from bacteria to humans is the same. We must have come from a common ancestor!
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Genetics & Molecular BiologyHomologous proteins are shared from
bacteria to humans – how we make insulin from bacteria for our use.
Homologous genes exist between flies and humans – these same genes direct our head-to-tail development and limbs
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Testing Natural SelectionThe Grant’s were able to test Darwin’s
hypothesis by:Analyze that there was enough heritable
variation in the traits for natural selectionThere were enough differences in beak size
and shape to produce differences in fitness
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Testing Natural SelectionDry weather = more survival of large beak
birdsTheir data confirmed that competition and
environment drive natural selection
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Laughter is an adaptation?PBS What makes us Human NOVA Science
NOWEvolution of Laughter
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Class Data Chart- Opposable thumb Texting
Groups With ThumbAverage Time in seconds
Without ThumbAverage Time in seconds
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Hi my name is Bob and I like to use my thumbs.
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Graphing – Remember TAILS
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 60
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Opposable Thumb Texting
Texting With Thumb Texting Without Thumb
Tim
e in s
eco
nds
Y
X
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Independent WorkRead/Notes 26.3 and pages 902-903Typed Lab Report: turnitin.comUSA TestPrep