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Do Now
• Which list includes elements with the most similar chemical properties?
1. Br, Ga, Hg
2. Cr, Pb, Xe
3. O, S, Se
4. N, O, F
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PERIODICITY, PART 1.5
Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design
Mr. Quinn and Ms. Tom
10/29/13
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Aim
•How is the periodic table organized?
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Atomic Radius
The distance from the middle of the nucleus to the outermost electron shell
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Outer Shell Electrons
aka Valence Electrons
The total number of electrons on the outer shell
•This includes the s- and p-sublevels
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Ionization Energy
• The amount of energy required to remove a valence electron
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Electron Affinity• The amount of
energy gained by adding an electron to the outer shell
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Electron Affinity• As we move
across a period, electron affinity…• Increases
• As we move down a group, electron affinity…• Stays the same
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Electron Affinity• As number of
valence electrons increases, electron affinity…• Increases
• As ionization energy increases, electron affinity…• Increases
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Electronegativity
• The total ability of an atom to hold an electron
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Electronegativity• As we move across a
period, electronegativity…• Increases
• As we move down a group, electronegativity…• Decreases
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Electronegativity• As atomic radius
increases, electronegativity…• Decreases
• As number of valence electrons increases, electronegativity…• Increases
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Electronegativity• As ionization energy
increases, electronegativity…• Increases
• As electron affinity increases, electronegativity…• Increases
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To Recap…
High Atomic Radius
Many valence electrons
High Ionization Energy
High electron affinity
High electronegativity
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Regents Problems, Round 1
•The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing
1. atomic mass
2. atomic number
3. molar mass
4. oxidation number
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Regents Problems, Round 2
•Which list of elements from Group 2 on the Periodic Table is arranged in order of increasing atomic radius?
1. Be, Mg, Ca
2. Ca, Mg, Be
3. Ba, Ra, Sr
4. Sr, Ra, Ba
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Regents Problems, Round 3
•Which atom in the ground state requires the least amount of energy to remove its valence electron?
1. lithium atom
2. potassium atom
3. rubidium atom
4. sodium atom
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Regents Problems, Round 4
•Which general trend is found in Period 3 as the elements are considered in order of increasing atomic number?
1. increasing atomic radius
2. increasing electronegativity
3. decreasing atomic mass
4. decreasing first ionization energy
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Regents Problems, Round 5
•Compared to the atoms of nonmetals in Period 3, the atoms of metals in Period 3 have
1. fewer valence electrons
2. more valence electrons
3. fewer electron shells
4. more electron shells
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Regents Problems, Round 6
•In the ground state, each atom of an element has two valence electrons. This element has a lower first ionization energy than calcium. Where is this element located on the Periodic Table?
1. Group 1, Period 4
2. Group 2, Period 5
3. Group 2, Period 3
4. Group 3, Period4
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Regents Problems, Round 7
•An atom of which element has the greatest attraction for the electrons in a bond with a hydrogen atom?
1. Chlorine
2. Phosphorus
3. Silicon
4. sulfur
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Regents Problems, Round 8
•As the elements is Period 3 are considered in order of increasing atomic number, there is a general decrease in
1. atomic mass
2. atomic radius
3. electronegativity
4. first ionization energy
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Regents Problems, Round 9
• Which element has chemical properties that are most similar to the chemical properties of sodium?
1. Beryllium
2. Calcium
3. Lithium
4. magnesium
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Regents Problems, Round 10
• As atomic number increases within Group 15 on the Periodic Table, atomic radius
1. decreases, only
2. increases, only
3. decreases, then increases
4. increases, then decreases