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Do NowRead the article about Heart Attacks and various heart surgery and answer the questions.
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Cardiovascular System Ch.13
The Veinest of the Systems
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Objectives- Identify the organs of the cardiovascular
system and it’s overall function.- Label the different parts of the heart.- Describe the pathway of blood.
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The Cardiovascular System- Pumps 7,000 liters of a blood a DAY!!!- Functions to carry oxygen and nutrients to
the cells of the body and carry carbon dioxide and other waste away from the cells of the body.
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Structures- Heart
- pumps blood to the lungs and throughout the body
- Arteries, arterioles- Caries blood AWAY from the
heart to cells- Capillaries
- Place where nutrient and gas waste exchanges
- Veins, venules- Carries blood TO the heart
from cells
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Arteries vs. Veins- Arteries
- THICK!- Veins
- Thinner- Contain
1-way valves.
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Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circuits
- Pulmonary- Carries Oxygen
depleted blood to the lungs to pick up O2 and unload CO2.
- Systemic- Sends oxygen-rich
blood from heart to all body cells.
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The Heart
- Located in the thoracic cavity, rests on top of the diaphragm
- Encased in a “parietal pericardium”
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Wall of the Heart1. Outer Epicardium
• Made of epithelial tissue• Protects the heart by
reducing friction
2. Middle Myocardium• Mostly cardiac tissue
involved in pumping blood out of the heart
3. Inner Endocardium• Made of epithelial tissue• Lines the inner chambers of
the heart
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Heart Chambers- Atria
- Upper chambers- Receive blood returning to
the heart- Ventricles
- Lower chambers- Receive blood from atria
and force blood into arteries- Septum
- Separates left and right so blood doesn’t mix
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Heart Valves- Atrioventricular
Valves: separate atria from ventricles and prevent back-flow of blood.- Tricuspid:
- Right side- Bicuspid/Mitral:
- Left side
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Mitral Valve Prolapse- Heart “murmur”- Mitral valve contracts and stretches bulging
into the left atrium- Blood regurgitates back into the atrium- Normal Heart Beat- Mitral regurgitation
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Heart Valves- Semilunar Valves:- Pulmonary:
- Found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
- Aortic:- Found between the
left ventricle and the aortic arch
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Do NowWrite 3 things you know about the eye or structure of the eye. Quiz is postponed until tomorrow (Tuesday).
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Objectives- Explain the flow of blood through the heart,
lungs, and body.- Compare and contrast angina vs. a heart
attack.
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The Heart- Take out your heart diagram so we can finish
labeling!
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Pathway of Blood- Follow along on your worksheet!
- Great Pathway of Blood Video!
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Angina Pectoris- A “thrombus” or “embolus” blocks or
narrows a coronary artery and deprives myocardial cells of Oxygen, causing pain.
- *many people mistake this for a heart attack.- A complete blockage by a blood clot is a
myocardial infarction (aka heart attack)
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Do Now- Hand in your anatomy valentine if you haven’t
done so already!- Clean all purses/bags/books off of the desks
so you don’t get them dirty!- Take a copy of the “heart practical study
guide” from my desk as well as a lab dissection packet.
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Objectives- Identify the structures of the sheep heart.- Trace the path of blood flow through a sheep
heart.- Explain the importance of the valves.- Understand what will be on the lab practical.
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Sheep Heart Dissection!- HAPPY VALENTINE’S DAY! Today we
will be dissecting a sheep heart.- Be sure to FOLLOW ALONG with the
lab and go through each and every structure that it tells you to look at, you will be tested on them on both the hearts and the heart models.
- You may use your phones to take pictures
- Practical will be on Tuesday!
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Do Now- What part of the heart pumps oxygenated
blood to the body and what “tube” does it go through?
- Name 2 differences between arteries and veins.
- What is another name for the visceral pericardium?
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Objectives- To explain the flow of blood through both
pulmonary and systemic circuits.- To understand the cardiac cycle.- To explain what causes your “heart beat”.
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Blood Flow• SmartNotebook File
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Do Now- WITHOUT TALKING…… put yourselves in
order of the flow of blood through the body up at the front of the room.
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Do Now- What do you think causes your heart beat?- Write the flow of blood ONLY through the
heart.
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Objectives- To explain what occurs in a normal cardiac
cycle.- To define systole and diastole.- To measure ones pulse to determine their
heart rate.- To determine what causes heart sounds.
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Cardiac Cycle- Systole= contraction- Diastole = relaxing* During atrial systole, ventricles are in ventricular diastole* During ventricular systole, atria are in atrial diastole• Both relax briefly after ventricular systole• Cycle Animation
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Steps of the Cycle1) Pressure is low during ventricular diastole, opening
the A-V valves (tricuspid/bicuspid)2) Ventricles fill with blood3) A-V valves close when ventricular pressure exceeds
atrial pressure1) Papillary muscles pull on chordae tendinae to prevent
valves from bulging back into atria (which would cause a murmur)
4) During ventricular systole, atrial pressure is low and they begin to fill up again
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Steps of the Cycle5) Ventricular pressure rises, opening the semilunar valves, forcing blood into the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch6) Pressure drops in ventricles after contraction, and the semilunar valves close.
Echocardiogram
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Heart Sounds- The heart makes a “Lubb-Dupp” sound- The “Lubb” is the closing of the A-V valve
during ventricular contraction.- The “Dupp” is the closing of the semilunar
valve when the ventricles are relaxing.
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Pulse of Life Lab- You will be measuring your pulse and seeing
how your heart rate is affected by different activities!
- You will turn in the series of questions upon completing the lab as well as construct a graph.
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Do Now- Explain the steps of the cardiac cycle.- How do you think these steps are
coordinated?
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Objectives- To explain the cardiac conduction system- To identify the components of an EKG- To identify different heart arrhythmias
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Cardiac Muscle Fibers• Cardiac muscle fibers form a network called a
functional synctium which contracts as a unit.
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Cardiac Conduction System- Coordinates the events of the cardiac cycle
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Cardiac Conduction System1) The Synotrial Node (SA Node)- “Pacemaker”
- Specialized cardiac muscle tissue- Can reach threshold on its own- Generates impulses 70-80 times per minute
2) Atrial synctium- causes atrial contraction3) A-V Node4) A-V Bundle (Bundle of His)5) Purkinje Fibers- causes ventricular contraction
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Electrocardiogram• Recording of the electrical changes that occur
in the myocardium (cardiac muscle)
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Electrocardiogram• P-wave:
depolarization of atria
• QRS: depolarization of ventricle fibers (R=Left, S=right)
• T-wave: repolarization of ventricles
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Researching Arrhythmias• V-fib (Ventricular Fibrillation)• Sinus Bradycardia• Sinus Tachycardia• Atrial Fibrillation• Atrial Flutter• Asystole
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Do Now• In your own words,
Explain the cardiac conduction system and how it works to control the cardiac cycle.
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Objectives• To identify EKG’s of different heart
arrhythmias.• To determine how fast a heart is beating by
looking at an EKG.• To explain blood pressure readings and
understand how blood pressure can be effected.
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Reading an EKG• Read the article about reading an EKG!• How can you figure out the rate?
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Blood Pressure (13.5)• Blood pressure= the force blood exerts against
the inner walls of blood vessels.• Interesting Fact! The human heart creates
enough pressure to squirt blood 30 feet!!
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Measuring Blood Pressure• Systolic Pressure:
max pressure during ventricular systole
• Diastolic Pressure: max pressure during ventricular diastole
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What gives us a “pulse”?• Ventricular contraction causes a “surge” in
arteries, distending the elastic arterial walls, pressure drops immediately after contraction
• Only felt in arteries close to the surface such as your carotid in your neck.
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Factors Affecting Blood Pressure• Heart Action– Stroke volume (vol of blood discharged with each
contraction) and heart rate• Blood Volume– If you lose a lot of blood, your blood pressure will be
lower.• Peripheral Resistance– If the vessels are constricted, pressure increased
• Blood Viscosity– More viscous=more pressure