September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
ISO TC204 CALMStatus presented to IEEE 802.11
15 September 2003Presenter: Knut Evensen
Q-Free
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Outline
• Overview of standardisation bodies• What is CEN - DSRC?• Overview of
ISO TC204 - Intelligent Transport Systems WG16 - Wide Area Communications - CALM
414.09-040-96
Standardisation – an overviewGeneralGeneral ElectroElectro Comm.Comm. ITIT
JTC1
ICTSB
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
CEN TC/278 Road Transport
and Traffic Telematics
CEN TC278 - Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
WG CEN TC278 RTTT Nation Convenor 1 Electronic Fee Collection NL H. Stoelhorst 2 Freight and Fleet Management F Rennesson 3 Public Transport F Franchineau 4 Traffic & Traveller Information GB P. Burton 5 Traffic Control GB T. Sullivan 6 Parking Management F J.P.de Borgo 7 Geographic Road Database D W. Zechnall 8 Road data/elaboration, storage, distrib. NL H. de Winter 9 Dedicated Short Range Communication D C.Rokitanski 10 Man-machine Interfaces D C. Heinrich 11 Subsystem/Intersystem Interfaces GB 12 Automatic Vehicle and Equipment ID N K.Evensen 13 Architecture and Terminology GB R.Williams 14 After-theft Systems for Vehicle Recovery F J.P.Paschal
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
CENDSRC
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
What is DSRC?• Dedicated Short Range Communication• Dedicated = Developed for ITS• Short-Range = 1 – 40 meters, typ 8-10 m
– 2W EIRP ASK downlink (roadside – vehicle)– 50mW DPSK reflected uplink (veh – roadside)– Passive mixing reflector – no RF generated in vehicle
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
DSRC Profiles (EN13372)
DSRC Physical Layer 1 (EN12253)
DSRC Data Link Layer 2 (EN12795)
DSRC Application Layer 7 (EN12834)
ETC Application(ISO14906)
InitialisationData Transfer
Logical Link ControlMedium Access Control
Frequency SpectrumInterference levelsModulation ++
Data/AttributesETC functions
Selection of parametersInter-layer management
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
ETSI ERM TG37
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
ETSI ERM TG37• A new Topic Group
dedicated to ITS communication• Very good relation to CALM• Chairman is Bob Williams
• TG37 will look at:– Spectrum matters 5-6 GHz for Europe– Cellular convergence standards– Testing and formal protocol verification
• Please see www.etsi.org ERM forum
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
ISO TC/204 IntelligentTransportSystems
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Objectives of TC204 include:-• ITS architectures, terminology & data registrars.• Protocols and methods for communications between
traffic-control & emergency-call centers, as well as to & from vehicles.
• Automatic vehicle & equipment identification.• Interoperability of Location-Based information.• Characteristics & performance of ITS-related vehicle-
to-infrastructure and inter-vehicle communications, for driver assistance & guidance.
• International, multimodal end-to-end people & freight transport.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Structure of TC/204[ WG4, 10,14,15,16 of interest to comms.]
ISO/TC204 Intelligent Transport SystemsWG1 Architecture R.K. Williams – U.K.
WG3 TICS Database Technology M. Shibata - Japan
WG4 Automatic Vehicle Identification (CEN WG12) K. Evensen - Norway
WG5 Fee & Toll Collection (CEN WG1) H. Stoelhorst – Netherlands
WG6 General Fleet Management Merged with WG7
WG7 General Fleet Management & Commercial/Freight R. Sabounghi - Canada
WG8 Public Transport/Emergency A. Kiepper – U.S.A.
WG9 Integrated Transport Information, Management & Control D. Clowes – U.K.
WG10 Traveler Information Systems P. Burton – U.K.
WG11 Route Guidance & Navigation Systems Convenor TBD
WG14 Vehicle/Roadway Warning & Control Systems K. Yamada - Japan
WG15 Dedicated Short Range Communications (CEN WG9) C. Rokitansky - Germany
WG16 Wide Area Communications/Protocols & Interfaces R. Shields – U.S.A.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
ISO TC/204 WG16Wide Area Comms
CALM
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
ISO TC204 WG16 Wide Area Communication
WG 16R. Shields
SWG 16.2Networking
H. Wakayama
SWG 16.1CALM
B. Williams
SWG 16.0ArchitectureK. Evensen
SWG 16.3Probe
T. Kishi
CALM Cellular CALM IR
CALM 60GHzCALM M5
CALM NetworkCALM Architect.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
CALM - Overall• Continuous Air interface
for Long and Medium distance
• Support continuous communications • Support master/slave and peer-peer modes• Support user transparent networking• Support handover spanning multiple media, media providers
and beacons
• Very ambitious timescale – ISO test-case for fast development
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
CALM Applications
• Support of Internet services – invisible handover –(mostly) media independent
• Support of traditional ITS apps – media independent through DSRC L7
• New generation of applications:– Major push in safety – Vehicle Safety Communication– New commercial applications made possible by high
data rate & long range.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
CALM -IETF • A very good liaison to the Internet Engineering
Task Force has been set up• Main support from experts at Keio university T.
ERNST /K. UEHARA• CALM concept is forwarded to IETF to make
various groups aware of mobility requirements• IETF NEMO (Network Mobility) group is closely
following CALM. Will be the contact point to IETF
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
NEMO Concept
CALM classic architecture
ISO TC204 ITS APPLICATIONS
IPv6 layer
TCP UDP
Media Selection
NetworkSwitching
Roaming Control
QoS
Stream &RealtimeProtocols
ISODSRC
L7
HTTP/SMTP
Protocols
MAC
5 GHz
InitHnd-ovr
SecurMAC
2.5GCellular
InitHnd-ovr
SecurUMTS
3GCellular
InitHnd-ovr
Secur
L2/UDP
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
CALM abstract architecture
- Standards that are outside CALM scope SAP - Service Access Point – Data Transfer
SAP - Service Access Point – Management
Media Function blocks shown above may be partof a more comprehensive communications device.
2G cellular std by reference
CALM 2G ManagerISO 21212
SAP
NetworkingManagementISO 21210-3
CALMsystem
ManagementEntity(CME)
ISO 21210-2
NETWORK INTERFACERouting and Media Switching based on IPv6
ISO 21210-1
Non-CALM-awarePoint-to-point
APPLICATIONS
Convergence LayerISO 15628/
ISO 21210-5SAP
CALM-AwareAPPLICATIONS
Layer 5-7INTERNET STANDARDS
SAP
SAP SAP
Common Station,PHY, MAC, LLC
Managers ISO 21210-4
SAP
SAP
SAP
SAP
Directory ServicesISO 21210-5 SAP
SAP
Non-CALM-awareIP (Internet)
APPLICATIONS
Convergence LayerIP socket/
ISO 21210-5SAP
SAPSAP
SAP
CALM MM
CALM MM ManagerISO 21216
SAP
CALM M5
CALM M5 ManagerISO 21215
SAP
CALM IR
CALM IR ManagerISO 21214
SAP
3G cellular std by reference
CALM 3G ManagerISO 21213
SAP
In- Vehicle Network
Lower Layers
In-Vehicle NetConvergence
ISO 212??
SAP
In-Vehicle App
Sensors and Control
ITS In-Vehicle Network In-vehicle OEM network
CALMNetworkLayer 3-4
Routing
Firewall
Network OE
M G
/W
ITS Application
Layer 5-7
CALM NetworkLayer 3-4
OBE device
INTERNETSERVICE
Layer 5-7
CALM NetworkLayer 3-4
OBE device
CALM M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
NetworkLayer 3-4
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CALM OBU
NetworkLayer 3-4
Routing
CALMNetworkLayer 3-4
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
Directoryservices
SAP SAP
CME
MLMEPLCP/PLME
SAP
SAP
CME
NME
SAPSAP
CELL Netw
CELL DLL
CellularPHY
ConvergencN-Layer
CALMNetworkLayer 3-4
RoutingCME.OBU
SAP
NME
SAPSAP
ConvergenceConvergence
Convergence
Convergence
CALM Vehicle Architecture 1
Combined Antenna Pod
ITS In-Vehicle Network
RESOURCE MANAGER, ISO14906
CALM NETWORK LAYER – FMIPv6
ITS INTERNETAPPLICATION
SocketTCP/UDP
ApplicationInterfaceISO15628
PACKETHOP
(RUDP)
CALM Routing
IN-VEHICLE NETWORK DATA LINK LAYER
IN-VEHICLE NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYER
VEHICLECOMPUTER
CME
Vehicle-Vehicle
Apllication
Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CALM OBU
CALM M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
Network
CME
MLMEPLCP/PLME
NME
GPRS PHY
GPRS Stack
GPRSConvergence
Network
DSRC L1
DSRC L2/L7
DSRCConvergence
Network
GPS PHY
GPS Stack
GPSConvergence
Network
CALM Routing
Implementation Architecture - Example
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Vehicle - Infrastructure
M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CALM OBU
Network
Routing
CME.OBU
MLMEPLCP/PLME
SAP
SAP
NME
SAPSAP
M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
Network
Fixed network
DLL
Fixed netPHY
CALM BASE STATION
Network
Routing
CME.BS
MLMEPLCP/PLME
SAP
SAP
NME
SAPSAP
Vehicle Computer
ITS Applications
CALM Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CME.VC and
NME
Infrastruct Server
ITS Applications
CALM Network
Fixed network
DLL
Fixed netPHY
CME.IS andNME
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Vehicle - Vehicle
M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CALM OBU
Network
Routing
CME.OBU
MLMEPLCP/PLME
SAP
SAP
NME
SAPSAP
M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CALM OBU
Network
Routing
CME.OBU
MLMEPLCP/PLME
SAP
SAP
NME
SAPSAP
Vehicle Computer
V-V Applications
CALM Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CME.VC and
NME
Vehicle Computer
V-V Applications
CALM Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CME.VC andNME
Infrastructure Architecture - example
Internet Domain C
Domain BDomain A
Home Domain
HA
Vehicle - OBU
BASE STATION(Access Pointor RSU)
CorrespondingNode
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
CALM M5
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Why the 5 GHz spectrum?• Some spectrum available in all countries:
– car unit for global market!• Radio - penetrate walls and “bend around corners”• Based on 802.11 W-LAN standards:
– Many suppliers – no single source problem– Low cost due to competition, high volume and mainstream
components– High reliability due to proven performance and mature developments
of 802.11• High performance from day one:
– 6-54 Mbit/s data rate– 80-1000 meters communication distance
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Why 5 GHz – cont.• 802.11 standards are optimised for both:
– ad-hoc (vehicle-vehicle) as well as – central communication (vehicle-infrastructure)
• Many channels are globally available – physically separated and non-interfering :– Dedicated channels for emergency and safety applications to
avoid contention and interference– Other channels for less critical Internet access and information
downloads– A group of vehicles in a “moving network” can share one
channel, and pass another moving network without any disruption.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Why 5 GHz – cont• The vehicle can commiunicate with normal
IEEE 802.11a access points – your vehicle can access your normal home W-LAN – even through the walls.
SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE
An IEEE 802.11a WLAN radio transfers data directly to an IEEE 802.11a capable vehicle OBU using a channel in the UNII band.
GARAGE
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Extract from formal scope:• CALM-M5 ISO 21215 :Medium and long range, high speed, air
interface parameters and protocols for broadcast, point-point, vehicle-vehicle, and vehicle-point communications in the ITS Sector using MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONS at 5 GHz, including specifications for Master/Slave and Peer to Peer Communications.
• The work item will specify the required communication architecture, interfaces, parameters and protocols for the– Physical Layer– Data Link Layer: Medium Access Control (MAC) and
Logical Link Control (LLC)• Wherever practicable,this Standard will be developed by reference
to suitable extant Standards, adopted by selection. Required regional variations will be provided.
• Due account will be given to, and use made of, any relevant parts of appropriate communications systems, such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), Digital Data Broadcasting (DDB), TETRA, Mobile Broadband Systems (MBS, W-ATM), WLANs, Internet Protocols, and of course, DSRC.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Scope of CALM M5
• The standard:– shall use microwaves in the 5 GHz band as the
transmission medium between (moving or stationary) vehicles and a roadside communications-infrastructure or other (moving or stationary) vehicles;
– shall minimise harmful interference with standardised regional radio unit in this spectrum, e.g. no harmful cross-interference with regional DSRC standards;
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Scope of CALM M5• The Standard:
– shall support vehicle speeds to a minimum of 200km/h;– shall define or reference environmental parameters
relevant to link operation;– shall support latencies and communication delays in the
order of milliseconds;– shall be adaptable to regional/national regulatory
parameters;– may support other regional/national parameters as
applicable.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
5 GHz Band Spectrum
North Ameri
5 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 5,7 5,8 5,9 6
Europe
Japan
ISM band
CALM M5
Unlicen. W-LAN Partly available regionally: ISM +shared unlicenced
Requested from ITU: Global ITS Safety allocation 5.85-5.925
Dedicated ITS (DSRC)
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Spectrum M5
• For global use, the OBUs shall:– Be capable of operating within the range of
5.15 GHz to 5.925 GHz – Support both 10 and 20 MHz channels – Support accurate transmit power control
• RSUs will operate on the regionally allocated frequencies.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Global M5 spectrum config.
• The mobile unit (OBU) shall be configurable when moving between regulatory areas
• The OBU shall not start operation until an authorised source (e.g. fixed, licensed RSU) has provided profile information.
• Profiles may be autonomously initiated if the OBU can ascertain its position.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
M5 Access Methods
• National regulatory bodies can place limitations on channel utilisation and maximum channel usage on a per channel basis, and the unit shall be configurable / programmable to operate within these limitations.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
M5 Directivity• CALM M5 include omni-directional as well as directive patterns. • The standard allow control of multi-sector directed antenna elements.• The standard allow simultaneous operation on multiple channels in the
same or different directions.
September 2003
Knut Evensen, Q-Free
doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k
Submission
Conclusion
• CALM M5 - likely candidate for the next high-volume ITS communication medium
• The public safety applications requires global spectrum allocations.
A liaison (formal?) to IEEE Tg!