Download - Doc Video Editing
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
1/55
Universit of Technolo
Digital Video Editing
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
2/55
Universit of Technolo
Aims for today
Standards
Image Resolution
Aspect Ratios
Pixel Aspect Ratio
Interlace and Progressive Scan Modes 126
Frame Rate
Frame size
Video standards
Converting between 16:9 to 4:3, 4:3 to 16:9 (zooming,
stretch, letterbox..)
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
3/55
Universit of Technolo
Tutorial 3
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
4/55
Universit of Technolo
Standards
A standard is a set of protocols or rules that define how asystem operates.Standards provide a coherent platform from whichinformation can be created, extracted, and exchanged.Without these protocols, there would be no consistencyin the handling of information.
Do you know examples of standards
Television is the conversion of light to electrical energy.
The process by which this conversion takes place isreferred to as a television standardor system.
Standards are necessary so that video signals can becreated and interpreted by each piece of videoequipment.NTSC is one example of a video standard. Otherworld
standards include PAL and SECAM
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
5/55
Universit of Technolo
Video standards
3 major video standards
NTSC
PAL
SECAM
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
6/55
Universit of Technolo
NTSC
National Television Standard Committee
Best known in America
Since it began as an analog formatIts size is measured in horizontal scan lines
There 525 scanlines to a frame of NTSC video
It displays at 30frames per second
Used in north and central America, the
philipines, south Korea,Taiwan
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
7/55
Universit of Technolo
PAL:Phase Alternation by Line (PAL) format
Has higher resolution
625 scanlines
Run at 25 fpsUsed in Europe, Scandinavia part of asia the
pacific and south Africa
PAL M : A version of PALUsed in Brazil only
525 sl
30 fps
Uses PAL color Palette
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
8/55
Universit of Technolo
SECAM:Systeme Couleur Avec Memoire
formatUsed in France, Russia, Middle East andNorth Africa.
625 Scanlines25 fps
PAL color Palette
We can consider each of these standard
format to be IMCOMPATIBLE with eachother.
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
9/55
Universit of Technolo
Conclusion
ShootingNTSC VideoShooting
NTSC Video
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
10/55
Universit of Technolo
Which videoshoud I
choose ?
Which videoshoud Ichoose ?
Dependsupon where
your video is
going to beseen !!
More reading:
http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Contrib/WorldTV/why.html
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
11/55
Universit of Technolo
Importing Images in Premiere Pro
5 guidelines that should be followed forimporting still images in APP.
Make sure that the file format is supported by theoperating system you plan to use.
Set the pixel dimensions to the resolution you will usein Adobe Premiere Pro. If you plan to scale the image
over time, set image dimensions that provide enoughdetail at the largest size the image has in the project.
If final output will be shown on standard television
screens, avoid using thin horizontal lines (such as 1-pixel lines) for images or text. These may flicker as a
result of interlacing.
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
12/55
Universit of Technolo
Importing Images in Premiere Pro
5 guidelines that should be followed forimporting still images in APP.
For best results, create files with a frame size at leastas large as the frame size of the project so that youdont have to scale up the image in Adobe PremierePro.
Crop the parts of the image that you dont want to bevisible in Adobe Premiere Pro.
If you want to designate areas as transparent, create
an alpha channel or use the transparency tools inapplications such as Photoshop or Illustrator.
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
13/55
Universit of Technolo
Importing Images in Premiere Pro
5 guidelines that should be followed forimporting still images in APP.
For best results, create files with a frame size at leastas large as the frame size of the project so that youdont have to scale up the image in Adobe PremierePro.
Crop the parts of the image that you dont want to bevisible in Adobe Premiere Pro.
If you want to designate areas as transparent, create
an alpha channel or use the transparency tools inapplications such as Photoshop or Illustrator.
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
14/55
Universit of Technolo
Premiere Pro and Illustrator Files
Adobe Premiere Pro converts path-basedIllustrator art into the pixel-based image
format used by Adobe Premiere Pro, aprocess known as rasterization.
Adobe Premiere Pro also converts all
empty areas into an alpha channel, so thatempty areas become transparent.
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
15/55
Universit of Technolo
Thumbnail for a video in the project panel
Select the clip in a Project panel.
Press the Play button or drag the play slider on the
thumbnail viewer in the upper left corner of the Projectpanel until the frame you want is displayed.
Click the Set Poster Frame button
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
16/55
Universit of Technolo
Progressive vs. Interlaced Video
Videos is made up of a series of horizontallines called scanlines
When you display all these horizontal linesequentially from top to bottom.That is : 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , .end
This is called a progressive scan.All Computers monitors use Progressivescan. They start at the top of the image
and they go to the bottom of the imagewhen working with CRT monitor.
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
17/55
Universit of Technolo
Progressive vs. Interlaced Video
In the early days monitors could not display allthe scanlines from top to bottom.
Instead they created two separate fields:One field held odd number lines (1 3 5 7) Lower fields
The other one held the even number lines (2 4 6 810).Upper Fields
First odd number field is displayed then the evennumber field.
By weaving these two fields together theycreated a single frame of video.
Computer use Progressive while TV useInterlace
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
18/55
Universit of Technolo
Progressive vs. Interlaced Video
Read More
http://www.avdeals.com/classroom/Proscanex
plained.htm
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
19/55
Universit of Technolo
Frames rates
There are generally 3 FPSFILM: 24 FPS
PAL:25 FPSNTSC:30 FPS
Of the three only PAL actually run at 25 fpsThe others can deviate a little
Film in theater 24 fpsWhen it is digitized it becomes 23.98 fps
NTSC video: Theoretically 30 fps butactually 29.97 fps
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
20/55
Universit of Technolo
Frames rates
A frame is a complete image composedof two fields.
A field is all the even number lines andthe odd number lines
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
21/55
Universit of Technolo
Video formats
Video standardsFrame rates.Progressive ..interlaced
Can it getmore
complicated
?
Can it getmore
complicated
?
Yes itcan!!!!!
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
22/55
Universit of Technolo
Video formats
There are actually three principle videoformats.
The low end is DVThe mid range is SD
The High range is HD
DV=Digital Video
DV=Digital Video
SD=StandardDefinition
Video
SD=StandardDefinition
Video
HD=
HighDefinition
Video
HD=
HighDefinition
Video
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
23/55
Universit of Technolo
Video formats
DV
Mini DV
DVCPRO-25
DVCAM
If you take same
Camera
Same Lighting
Same lense
And simultaneously record in the above three
format the image quality will be identical acrossall three.
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
24/55
Universit of Technolo
Video formats
SD
Older than DV and encompasses both analog
and digital formatsDVCPRO-50 (digital)
BETACAM SX (digital)
BETACAM SP(analog)
DIGIBETACAM (digital)
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
25/55
Universit of Technolo
Video formats
HD
Also have a wide variety of format but lets
stick to the following:HDV- new latest (It is the high definition versionof DV)
DVCPRO-HD (100)
HD
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
26/55
Universit of Technolo
Image size
Lets get into the differences of DV/SD/HDvideo.
All are fixed in size, i.e. they are bitmapvideo..meaning their resolution are fixed atthe moment they are created.
If I take an image whether DV or HD andproject it on a 20 inch monitor and then toan 80 foot screen there is no additionalinformation.
DV f SD
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
27/55
Universit of Technolo
Image size
DV NTSC = 720 x 480
DV PAL = 720 x 526
SDNTSC 720 x 486
PAL 720 x 576
Did younoticed
somethinghere ?
Did younoticed
something
here ?
Yes I
did !!!
DV came after SD .
SD NTSC =720 x 486
BUT DV NTSC =720 x 480
WHY ??!
DV came after SD .
SD NTSC =720 x 486
BUT DV NTSC =720 x 480
WHY ??!
Video Compression requires with 4 x 4 pixel squares !!!
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
28/55
Universit of Technolo
Image size
HD : High Definition
Is different as it gives us more pixels to play
with.It comes in two flavour
Both interlaced and progressive formats
HD 480I & p (Smallest size)Used everyday for Broadcast television
HD 720I & p (720 refers to number ofvertical lines of information)
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
29/55
Universit of Technolo
Image size
HD 720I & p
1280 x 720
HD 1080i & p1920 x 1080
1920 pixel across
1080 pixel high
All HD format are 16:9
16 unit wide by 9 units high
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
30/55
Universit of Technolo
Aspect Ratio
A number which describes the relationshipof the height of a picture to the width of a
picture.Generally the height is describe as thenumber 1 and the width describe how
much longer than 1 unit high the picture iswide.
Two principle aspect ratio are 4 by 3 and16 x 9.
A R i
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
31/55
Universit of Technolo
Aspect Ratio
It comes down to the competition between filmand television.To compete with TV, Film started changing
aspect ratio to provide a different viewingexperience.TV invented with a 4 :3 aspect ratio.
Pre 1950s movies (1.33:1)
Film wanted to give a look that cannot berepresented on television.Disney cartoons came with 1.66:1 (about 66 %
wider than tall)Movies today: 1.78:1 , ie 16:9
Why ?Why ?
C i B A R i
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
32/55
Universit of Technolo
Converting Between Aspect Ratios
The problem of converting pictures between
different formats has plagued film and televisioncompanies for years. Conversions almost
always involve compromise and often annoy theend user, the film director, or both.
For example, if we take the 29x9 image above
and convert it to a narrower format, we will haveto lose quite a large part of the picture. The bluelines show where the picture will be cropped at
16x9, and the red lines show a 4x3 version
C t 4 3 Vid t 16 9 Wid
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
33/55
Universit of Technolo
Convert 4x3 Video to 16x9 Widescreen
There are three ways to convert standard4x3 video into 16x9 widescreen:
Pillars,Stretch
and Zoom
C t 4 3 Vid t 16 9 Wid
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
34/55
Universit of Technolo
Convert 4x3 Video to 16x9 Widescreen
Pillars
In this method there is no alteration to the image.The 4x3 footage is simply placed in the centre of
the 16x9 frame, leaving vertical black bars(pillars) on each side of the frame.
This is the "pure" method as it does not distort or lose any partof the original image
C t 4 3 Vid t 16 9 Wid
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
35/55
Universit of Technolo
Convert 4x3 Video to 16x9 Widescreen
Stretch
To maximise screen use, the 4x3 image can bestretched horizontally to fill the available space
This method is popular with widescreen TV owners watching traditional 4x3
television programs. In some cases it can be surprisingly effective butviewers shy away from it due to the picture distortion. Stretching is especially
bad at making people look fat
Convert 4x3 Video to 16x9 Widescreen
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
36/55
Universit of Technolo
Convert 4x3 Video to 16x9 Widescreen
Zoom
The third method is to magnify the 4x3 imageuntil it fills the widescreen frame but keeps the
correct aspect ratio. This is similar to stretching,except that the image is zoomed in proportionwithout any picture distortion. Unfortunately thismeans losing parts of the image at the top and
bottom.
Convert 16x9 Video to 4x3
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
37/55
Universit of Technolo
Convert 16x9 Video to 4x3
Letterbox
The letterbox format is so-called because it createsblack bars above and below the image which gives
the appearance of looking through a letterbox. Thisis the "pure" method as it preserves the entirewidescreen frame. For this reason, letterboxing ispreferred by film directors and enthusiasts.
Convert 16x9 Video to 4x3
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
38/55
Universit of Technolo
Convert 16x9 Video to 4x3
To convert widescreen to 4x3 in a video
project, the footage is simply imported andreduced in size until it fits the 4x3 frame.
Pan and Scan
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
39/55
Universit of Technolo
Pan and Scan
Pan and Scan is the traditional method of
displaying widescreen content in broadcasttelevision and old VHS movies. The widescreen
image is cropped at the sides and only the mainpart of the image is shown.
Video file format
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
40/55
Universit of Technolo
Video file format
Media player File formatS
File formats are usually associated with MediaPlayer Software. Media Player software isessentially a collection of codecs with a playerinterface.
If a file has been saved in a proprietary mediaplayer file format it can only be played by thatmedia player. It is not always apparent from thefile format which codec is being used, only that it
can replayed by a particular media player orplug-in.
Video format:AVI
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
41/55
Universit of Technolo
Video format:AVI
The AVI Format
The AVI (Audio Video Interleave) format wasdeveloped by Microsoft.
The AVI format is supported by all computersrunning Windows, and by all the most popular
web browsers. It is a very common format onthe Internet, but not always possible to playon non-Windows computers.
Videos stored in the AVI format have theextension .avi.
Video format: WMV
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
42/55
Universit of Technolo
Video format: WMV
The Windows Media Format
The Windows Media format is developed byMicrosoft.
Windows Media is a common format on theInternet, but Windows Media movies cannot beplayed on non-Windows computer without an
extra (free) component installed. Some laterWindows Media movies cannot play at all onnon-Windows computers because no player isavailable.
Videos stored in the Windows Media formathave the extension .wmv.
Video format:MPEG
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
43/55
Universit of Technolo
Video format:MPEG
The MPEG Format
The MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group)format is the most popular format on theInternet. It is cross-platform, and supportedby all the most popular web browsers.
Videos stored in the MPEG format have theextension .mpg or .mpeg.
Video format:MOV
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
44/55
Universit of Technolo
Video format:MOV
The QuickTime Format
The QuickTime format is developed by
Apple.QuickTime is a common format on theInternet, but QuickTime movies cannot be
played on a Windows computer without anextra (free) component installed.
Videos stored in the QuickTime formathave the extension .mov.
Video format:rm
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
45/55
Universit of Technolo
Video format:rm
The RealVideo Format
The RealVideo format was developed for theInternet by Real Media.
The format allows streaming of video (on-linevideo, Internet TV) with low bandwidths.
Because of the low bandwidth priority, qualityis often reduced.
Videos stored in the RealVideo format havethe extension .rm or .ram.
CODEC
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
46/55
Universit of Technolo
CODEC
Stands for Coder/ Decoder
A codec is a piece of software, sometimes
called an algorithm, which is used to compress amedia file (reduce its size) and then laterdecompress it before it is played. This process isuseful for 2 primary reasons ...
1. To allow more data to be stored on a given storage device (suchas a digital video camcorder hard drive or memory card).
2. To increase the speed of transmission across a network (such asthe internet).
CODEC
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
47/55
Universit of Technolo
CODEC
The term "codec" is usually used inreference to audio and video mediafiles, but still image compression
methodologies, such as jpeg, canalso be called codecs. A codec maybe lossy (cause some deterioration in
quality) or lossless.Examples codecs are ....jpg (images)
.mp3 (audio)H.264 (video)
Codec/File format
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
48/55
Universit of Technolo
Codec/File format
codec is a piece of software (algorithm)which is used to compress a media file toa smaller size and which must be usedagain to decompressed the file for viewing.
File formats are usually associated with
Media Player Software. Media Playersoftware is essentially a collection ofcodecs with a player interface.
What codec is being used?
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
49/55
Universit of Technolo
What codec is being used?
If you encounter a video file with the .wmv(Windows Media) or .mov (QuickTime)extension you won't necessarily knowwhat codec its been compressed with butyou will know (version permitting) which
player software can replay it.Open the file in the player and choose theoption to look at information about the file.
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
50/55
Universit of Technolo
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
51/55
Universit of Technolo
Ken Burns Effect
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
52/55
Universit of Technolo
when life is given to still photographs byslowly zooming in on subjects of interestand panning from one subject to another.
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
53/55
Universit of Technolo
THE END
ASSIGNMENT 1 or 2
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
54/55
Universit of Technolo
Practical
-
8/2/2019 Doc Video Editing
55/55
Universit of Technolo