Download - Documenting RESTful APIs
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SPRINGONE2GXWASHINGTON, DC
Documenting RESTful APIsAndy Wilkinson
@ankinson
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How RESTful is your API?
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REST maturity model
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Hypermedia
HTTPverbs
Separate Resources
XML-RPC SOAPXML-RPC
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
http://www.crummy.com/writing/speaking/2008-QCon/act3.htmlhttp://martinfowler.com/articles/richardsonMaturityModel.html
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How RESTful do you want it to be?
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Making your API easy to document
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Consistency
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HTTP status codesHTTP verbs
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Uniqueness
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Use distinct relations on your links
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"_links" : { "self" : { "href" : "http://localhost:8080/" }, "notes" : { "href" : "http://localhost:8080/notes" }, "tags" : { "href" : "http://localhost:8080/tags" }
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"_links" : { "self" : { "href" : "http://localhost:8080/tags/3" }, "tagged-notes" : { "href" : "http://localhost:8080/tags/3/notes" }}
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What should you document?
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Cross-cutting concerns
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HTTP status codesHTTP verbs (PUT vs PATCH)
Authentication and authorisationRate limiting
…
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Resources
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What do the represent?What input do they accept?
What output do the produce?
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Links
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Where can you go?What will you find when you get there?
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What shouldn’t you document?
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URIs
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What does it look like whenyou get it wrong?
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Learning from my mistakes
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And when you get it right?
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RESTful API documentation tools
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Swagger
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http://swagger.io
springfox/springfox
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You get a lot for little effort
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But…23
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It doesn’t support hypermedia
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https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-core/issues/97
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It’s URI centric
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Always playing catch up – ResponseEntity
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https://github.com/springfox/springfox/issues/532
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Always playing catch up – HttpHeaders
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The writing experience is unpleasant
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@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST, consumes=MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)@ApiOperation(value = "Create a new user", notes = "The name " + "of the user must be at least four characters in length.")
@ApiResponses({@ApiResponse(code=400, message="Bad request"),@ApiResponse(code=201, message="User created")})
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)public HttpHeaders create(@RequestBody UserInput userInput) {
…}
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It isn’t dry
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@ApiResponses({@ApiResponse(code=400, message="Bad request"),@ApiResponse(code=201, message="User created")})
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)public HttpHeaders create(@RequestBody UserInput userInput) { … }
@ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)private ResponseEntity<Void> handleIllegalArgumentException() {
return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);}
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It isn’t dry
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@ApiResponses({@ApiResponse(code=400, message="Bad request"),@ApiResponse(code=201, message="User created")})
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)public HttpHeaders create(@RequestBody UserInput userInput) { … }
@ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)private ResponseEntity<Void> handleIllegalArgumentException() {
return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);}
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It isn’t dry
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@ApiResponses({@ApiResponse(code=400, message="Bad request"),@ApiResponse(code=201, message="User created")})
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)public HttpHeaders create(@RequestBody UserInput userInput) { … }
@ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)private ResponseEntity<Void> handleIllegalArgumentException() {
return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);}
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Swagger2Markup
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Swagger2Markup/swagger2markup
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HAL and HAL Browser
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http://stateless.co/hal_specification.html
mikekelly/hal-browser
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HAL Browser demo
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Spring REST Docs
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spring-projects/spring-restdocs
http://projects.spring.io/spring-restdocs
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Write as much as possible in a format that’s designed for writing
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Don’t use the implementation to provide the documentation
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Provide some guarantees that the documentation is accurate
TDD – Test-Driven Documentation
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AsciidoctorSpring MVC TestMaven or Gradle
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spring-projects/spring-restdocs
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@Testpublic void index() throws Exception { this.mockMvc.perform(get("/"))
.andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(jsonPath("_links.notes",
is(notNullValue()))) .andExpect(jsonPath("_links.tags",
is(notNullValue()))) .andDo(document("index"));
}5
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[source,bash]----$ curl 'http://localhost:8080/' -i----
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[source,http]----HTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: application/hal+json
{ "_links" : { "tags" : { "href" : "http://localhost:8080/tags" }, "notes" : { "href" : "http://localhost:8080/notes" }}
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this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andDo(document("index", links( linkWithRel("notes").description( "The <<resources-notes, Notes resource>>"), linkWithRel("tags").description( "The <<resources-tags, Tags resource>>") ), responseFields( fieldWithPath("_links").description( "<<resources-index-links,Links>> to other resources") )));
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|===| Relation | Description
| notes| The <<resources-notes,Notes resource>>
| tags| The <<resources-tags,Tags resource>>|===
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|===|Path|Type|Description
|_links|Object|<<resources-index-links,Links>> to other resources
|===
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Spring REST Docs demo
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Thank you
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@ankinson
wilkinsona