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Fishes as bioindicators ofFishes as bioindicators ofwater pollution of the Drava riverwater pollution of the Drava river
Domagoj Šegregur (4.f)
VII. Grammar school, Zagreb, Croatiamentor: prof. Vlatka Kuhar
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Croatia
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THE „AMAZON OF EUROPE”
DanubeDrava
Mura
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Danube-Drava-Mura nominated forDanube-Drava-Mura nominated forUNESCO Transboundary Biosphere ReserveUNESCO Transboundary Biosphere Reserve
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The Drava River and its influent-The Drava River and its influent-the Županijski Canalthe Županijski Canal
Županijski Canal ►
◄ Drava river
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Water qualityWater quality
• 1. category • 5. category
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ContaminationContamination
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Can we avoid contamination of an ecosystem by earlier spotting of the presence of the
pollutants on molecular level and on level of complete organism?
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BoindicatorsBoindicators
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Indicator organ• main indicator organ in fish is liver, because it
accumulates harmful compounds
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BiomarkersBiomarkers• liver enzymes are used as
biomarkers of liver damage
• concentration of metallothionein in liver is used as specific biomarker of metal exposure
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Research questionResearch question
Can specific fish species and their biomarkers be appropriate for application in biomonitoring of
water pollution?
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The purpose of investigationThe purpose of investigation
• to determine the differences in water quality upstream and downstream of a potential source of pollution
• evaluate the impact of water contamination on fish using biomarkers
• confirm their usefulness for application in biomonitoring of the water pollution
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Method of investigationMethod of investigation
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• sampling time: 27.10.2010 - 25.11.2010
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Water sampling Water sampling
Županijski Canal, an influent of the Drava river
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roach (Rutilus rutilus)
pike (Esox lucius)
20 fish x 2 location (40 fish samples)
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SSampling ampling of fish of fish andand ddetermination of etermination of biometric biometric parametersparameters
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Sampling for analysisSampling for analysis
• blood• liver• scale
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Physico - chemical analysis of waterPhysico - chemical analysis of water
Health ecology, Institute of Public Health in Virovitica
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AnalysisAnalysis of calcium of calcium andand liver enzymes liver enzymes from the blood of fishfrom the blood of fish
Biochemical laboratory of the General Hospital Virovitica
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Determination of Determination of the vthe values of metals in alues of metals in water and metallothionein in the water and metallothionein in the fish fish liveliver
Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb
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Determination of the age of fishDetermination of the age of fish
The picture was taken with optical microscope(100x magnification)
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Fulton’s condition index
Hepatosomatic index
Gonadosomatic index
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Results of Results of investigationinvestigation
● statistical analysis
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Physico - chemical parametersPhysico - chemical parameters
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MetalsMetals
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Liver enzymesLiver enzymes
AST – aspartate aminotransferaseALT – alanine aminotransferase
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MetallothioneinMetallothionein
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roach (Rutilus rutilus)
pike (Esox lucius)
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BBiometric parametersiometric parameters
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Summarized resultsSummarized results
• water on both locations - 2nd category• values of liver enzymes - not significantly
different between two locations
• increased values of some metals downstream• higher values of metallothionein downstream
• condition index of fish lower downstream
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ConclusionsConclusions
• wather downstream maintained good quality• confirmed by same values of liver enzymes
• Županijski Canal contributes to exposure of aquatic organisms to metals• proven by higher values of metallothionein downstream
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• lower values of condition index of the fishes downstream indicate the impact of contamination
• higher values of liver enzymes remains open for my further research
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Results suggest that selected fish species and biomarkers can be successfully used in
biomonitoring of water pollution.
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With this approach we can avoid changes on higher levels of biological organization - population and ecosystem!
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Thank you for your interest!