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DOORS AND HARDWARE
LECTURE FIVE
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DOORS
CODE ISSUES
Fire rated doorsDefined as the door assembly
Door, frame, hardware
20 min Rated DoorUse in a 1 hour rated exit access corridor
45 min Hour Rating DoorUse in 1 hour rated occupancy (tenant space) separation
1-1/2 hour Rating DoorUse in 2 hour rated exit stairway in multi floor projectsUse in 2 hour horizontal exit
Wood DoorsCertain types may be labeled for 1-1/2 hrNote that wood frames may only be used to 12 minuterating
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Code Issues, Con’t
Additional Considerations – Exit Doors:Smoke and draft seals are required around the door.Must be maintained self-closing or automatic closing (by activation of a smoke detector)
Most codes require a solid core door to separate an attached garage from the house
Type and size of glass used in a door is restrictedGlass must be wired or fire rated glassSet in metal frame1 to 1-1/2 hr. rated door – 100 sq. inch. Max - 10” width, 33” height20 to 45 min rated door – 1296 sq. inch (36” x 36”) with maximum height or width of 54 inch.
DOORS
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Code Issues, con’t
Additional Considerations – Exit Doors, Con’t
Generally cannot make modifications on the job
Bottom gap required to be less than 1/2 ” or 3/8” to
noncombustible sill
Size max. – 48” width and 96” height
A minimum distance of any glazing from the edge is 6”
Labels
The door, frame, and closer are required to be
labeled
Other hardware is required to be listed.
NFPA 80
DOORS
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USE OF PARTITION
RATING OF PARTITION
REQ’D DOORASSEMBLY RATING
CORRIDORS 1 HR OR LESS 20 MINUTES
SMOKE BARRIERS 1 HR 20 MINUTES
FIRE PARTITIONS 1 HR ¾ HR
EXIT PASSAGEWAYS
1 HR 1 HR
EXIT STAIRS 1 HR 1 HR
OCCUPANCY SEPARATIONS
1 HR ¾ HR
EXIT STAIRS 2 HRS 1 ½ HRS
FIRE – RATED DOOR CLASSIFICATIONS
DOORS
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DOORS
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DOORS – TYPES & DETAILS
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Types
SwingingHinged, Offset Pivot, Center-hung Pivot, Balanced, Double ActingCan be used as an exitDouble acting door cannot be used as an exit
SlidingPocket, Bi-pass, SurfaceCannot be used as an exit
FoldingBi-fold, AccordionCannot be used as an exit
SpecialOperable PartitionOverhead CoilingRevolvingCannot be used as an exit
DOORS
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Door handingRefers to the way a door swings. Hardware that can work on either hand of door is called reversible or non-handed
Determine from the outside or key side of the door. (exterior or hallway
orbetween two rooms, the side of the door where the hinge is located
Left hand – door swings on the left away from youRight hand – door swings on the right away from you
DOORS
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DOORS
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DOORS
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DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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How to decide type of door needed?
Primary function
Code requirements, Use frequency, Ease of operation,
security, sound privacy, cost, availability
Desired appearance
Contrast, concealed, etc.
Type of material
Door size
Horizontal and vertical
Frame type
Appearance, fire rating, security, anchorage requirements
DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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Additional concerns
1. Is the door far enough away from the wall to allow full
90 degree opening
2. Is visibility an issue
3. Floor clearance
4. Full function for concealed doors not restricted
5. Accessibility requirements on either side of door (12”/18”)
6. Are tolerances standard
DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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Components
The door itself
The frame
The hardware
The partition
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Flush Wood Doors
Laminate veneers over various cores
Veneer matching same as for panels
Book, Slip, Random
Balance, Center Balance, Running
Veneer matching between doors
Pair Match
Set Match
Transoms
Continuous, End, No Match
Edge Meeting Options
Transom meeting Options
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Glazing Options
Flush Moldings
Lip Moldings
Hollow Core
Frame of solid wood
Cannot be fire rated
Core - Ladder, mesh or cellular
DOORS – WOOD
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Solid Core Door
Particle board core3 to 7 plyMay be used in 20 – 30 min rated situations
Staved lumber CoreSolid blocks of woodMay be used in 20 – 30 min rated situations
Mineral CoreUse when fire ratings require 45 min to 1-1/2 hour doors
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DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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Staved Lumber Mineral Core
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DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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Special Function Wood Flush Doors
Sound Attenuated doorMay be thicker than 1-3/4”May have a special coreWould require attention to gasketingWould consider special detail for bottom
closure
Lead lined Electrostatic Shield
Grounded through the hinges
StandardsNational Wood Window and Door Association
(NWWDA)AWI
P, C, E
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DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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Panel Doors
Stiles
Vertical outside
members
Rails
Bottom rail is
usually the widest
Top rail and Stiles
are often the
same width
Mullions
Upright member
between panels
Panels
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Panel Doors, con’t
Muntins and Bars
Refer to glass doors
Bar – extends the total height or width of the glass opening
Muntin – A short bar either vertical or horizontal
Joinery Options
A. Haunched Mortise and Tenon
B. Slot Mortise and Tenon
C. Doweled
D. Loose Tenon
6 panel, 8 panel, etc.
A. B.
C. D.
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DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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Louvered Doors
Closet, Ventilation
Sash Doors
One or more pieces of glass
Similar construction as panel door but require removable
stops
Referred to as a French door if multiple sash lights
Glass Doors
Glass set in a solid wood frame
Dutch Doors
Door is halved horizontally
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DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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Wood door Specifications
Standard widths
1’-6”, 2’, 2’-4”, 2’-6”, 2’-8”, 3’
Standard Thickness
Hollow Core – 1-3/8”
Solid Wood Core – 1-3/4”
1/8” clearance around
periphery between
door and frame
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Standard Wood Door Assemblies
Three major Parts
Head/jamb frame
Casing to cover gap
The stop
All wood doors have a 3 degree bevel on the strike side (side with latch or keying) to allow closure
Wood doors – generally used only to 20 min. fire rating
Steel door frames may be laminated with wood veneers
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Common Wood Door Frame Variations
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DOORS & FRAMES - WOOD
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Custom Assemblies
Many of the parts of the
assembly may be omitted.
Frameless doors require a pivot
or track since a hinge is not
possible
Important to design the casing
to integrate with the wall base
trim
Floor closers will require
adequate thickness
Same for ceiling closures – will
require adequate support
bracing
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DOORS & FRAMES – METAL
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Steel, Aluminum, Stainless Steel, Bronze
Door ConstructionCore
Honeycomb Kraft paper
Steel ribs
Mineral fiberboardPolyurethane
Polystyrene
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DOORS & FRAMES – METAL
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Steel Door Grades:Grade I – 20 gage
Standard DutyGrade II – 18 gage
Heavy Duty
Grade III – 18, 16, 14 gage
Extra Heavy Duty
Full Flush
Each door face is fabricated from a single
sheet of steel
No visible seams on the surface of the faces
Seamless
Same as full flush with no visible seam on the
vertical edges
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Steel Door Frames
Gage for frames are related to the door grade
Usually of a “thicker” gage than door – drops grade
level (18 to 16)
Three Types
One piece welded
Must be set in place before partition is
constructed
Knockdown (KD
Frame can be set AFTER the gypsum
partitions are built
Welded
Frames welded on site.
DOORS & FRAMES – METAL
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Door and Frame Specifications
Standard Widths
2’ to 4’ in 2” multiples
Clearances
1/8” on hinge and head jamb.
1/4 ” between door pairs (fire rated – 1/8”)
Undercut (bottom) – 3/4 ”
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AssembliesStandard
Flush, Sash, Louvered Doors
Frames
Standard profile for fire rated assemblies
Standard Terms
Soffit
Rabbet
Jamb Anchor clip
Stop
Face
Backbend returns
Common Variations
Flush frame
Frame for two hour rated partition
Single rabbited for narrow partition
Frame for masonry wall
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STANDARD DOUBLE RABBET
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DOORS & FRAMES – METAL
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DOORS & FRAMES – METAL
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DOORS & FRAMES – METAL
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DOORS & FRAMES – METAL
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Assemblies, con’t
Consider sanitary stops for facilities where this is
important – the stop does not extent to the floor
Remember the rubber silencers!!!!!!!!
Remember that full height doors may require extra bracing
to the structure above
DOORS & FRAMES – METAL
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Aluminum Frames and Doors
Common use in glass doors for rail and stile members
Used in many demountable partition systems
Consider use of pre-finished gypsum wall panels
Extrusion process affords complex shapes with square edges
Available for 20 min fire rated openings
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DOORS & FRAMES – ADDT’L TYPES
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Term applies to primarily all glass doors with fittings for hardware
1/2 ’ to 3/4 ” Tempered Glass
Modifications must be made before tempering process
• Often Custom designed
• Locking mechanism is usually on the bottom fitting
• With or without frame
• Door closers are usually in the floor and associated with the
pivoting mechanism
• These doors cannot be fire rated
DOORS & FRAMES – GLASS
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DOORS & FRAMES – GLASS
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Folding or Accordion Doors and Partitions
Require a track system in the ceiling for suspension
Relatively inexpensive
Not a fire rated door
Acoustic attenuation is very limited
Size limited to 40’ wide openings – up to 20’ high
DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING
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Operable Partitions
Usually 3’ to 5’ panel widths
Unlimited width of opening
Usually limited to 48’ high openings
Electrical operation is available
Sound transfer attenuation is possible to STC rating
of 58
Due to weight of partition a Structural engineer is
usually required.
DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING
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DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING
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DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING
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DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING
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Overhead Coiling Doors
Use for fire separation and security
Occasional use
Cannot be used in an exit corridor unless an
approved exit door is adjacent
Requires a steel track on either side – detailing can
hide minimize the aesthetic impact
DOORS & FRAMES – FOLDING
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DOORS – HARDWARE
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The Code Issues-Exit doors are required to be operated from the
inside without key or special knowledge
-Panic Hardware mounting height – 30 to 40”
Force to unlatch – 15 lbs
-Panic Hardware required for the following
occupancies:Assembly
Educational (loads greater than 50)
Institutional (loads greater than 50)
-Exit doors must have closers – hold open
devices must release upon activation of
a smoke detector-Hinges – stainless steel and ball bearing
-Threshold not greater than 1/2 ” high
-Door latches when closed
-Must comply with ADAAG
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Major Categories
Finish Hardware
Cabinet Hardware
Selection Process
Opening requirementsCode Requirements
Accessibility
Security
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Mounting Hardware
Common Hinge Types
Two leaves with knuckles
Pin – Removable or non removable for security reasons
Mortise types reference door mortise
Full mortise
Half Mortise
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Mounting Hardware
Surface types reference frame mortise
Half surface – secured to door with through bolts
Full Surface – secured to door with through bolts
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Mounting Hardware, con’t
Special Hinges
Raised barrel – used where frame prevents normal barrel extension
Swing Clear – door swings clear of opening thus not restricting
frame dimension
Electric Hinges used for security issues
Wide Throw – used where door and hinge must clear molding
DOORS – HARDWARE
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DOORS – HARDWARE
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Mounting Hardware, con’t
Pivot
Types
Center Hung
Allow door to swing in either direction
May be concealed
Rotation point is typically 2-3/4” from frame
Offset
Will allow door to swing 180 degrees
DOORS – HARDWARE
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DOORS – HARDWARE
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Selection of Hinge
Type
Door weight
Standard weight, plain bearing
Standard weight, ball bearing
Heavy weight, ball bearing
Size
4-1/4 x 4-1/2” Height without pin x entire width of both leaves when opened
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Selection of Hinge, con’t
Number required
Up to 60” height – 2 hinges
60” to 90” – 3 hinges
90” (7.5’) to 120” – 4 hinges
Material
Stainless steel or steel for fire rated doors
Finish
Tip of pin Design
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Operating Devices
Latch set and lockset (a latchset that can be locked)
4 Types
Mortise
Two classifications (operation and security)
3 grades for each classification
Grade 1 is the highest level of
operation or security
Pre-assembled
Seldom used today
Bored
Cylindrical locks or latches
Interconnected
Release of both bolts is the result of a single
action
DOORS – HARDWARE
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DOORS – HARDWARE
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Operating Devices, Con’t
Exit devices
Panic hardware
Electrified hardware may be used where entry
from the outside is controlled by keypad or card but inside is
manually operated
Pulls and push plates
Power assisted openers
Accessibility
Mounting on the head of the door or concealed in
the floor (requires depth of 6 to 8”)
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Operating Devices, Con’t
Closing Devices
Surface mounted closers
Grades 1-3, Grade 1 is the most durable, high frequency of
use.
Adjustable closers can be used for barrier free applications
– can adjust resistance to be set to 5lb (interior non fire-
rated doors).
Concealed closers
Door should be 1-3/4” thick in order to conceal
Delayed action
Pivot Closers
May be used for either center or offset pivot
Floor or above the door for center hung
Only floor for offset hung door
Integrated with smoke detectors – Automatic closure wired to the
alarm system
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Operating Devices, con’t
Door Seals
Smoke Seals – Head and Jamb sections
Light and sound seals
Automatic door bottoms
Plunger strikes the jamb and forces the seal down
against the floor
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Operating Devices, Con’t
Door security
Dead boltsLimited to single family residences and guest rooms of hotelsCodes require that operation from the inside does not require a key
Flush boltsLever bolt to the floor and ceilingProhibited on exit doors
KeyingSeveral levels
Change key – Master key – Grand Master Key – Great Grand Master key ……
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Operating Devices, Con’t
Other Hardware
Astragals
Vertical members between doors
Required on fire rated double door opening along with a
coordinator
Coordinators
Device that prevents the astragal from interfering with
the closing of the inactive door
The seal occurs after the active door is closed
Door stops and bumpers
Protective Coverings
Mop Plates
Kick plates extend higher than mop plates
Armor plates – Mounted higher and extend the full width
of door – waist level
Door Holders
DOORS – HARDWARE
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Operating Devices, Con’t
Electronic Hardware
Electric Locks, Electric bolts, Card readers, Keypad
devices, magnetic hold-open devices
Delayed-exit devices
Stay locked for a period of time after being activated
(alarm sounds) unless there is a fire– for security
reasons.
Standard Hardware Mounting heights
DOORS – HARDWARE
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34-38”
DOORS – HARDWARE
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This is not a section but an enlargement of a section – thus section symbol not correct
This section symbol should be placed on plan
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Do not use this configuration
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Doors
References
Ballast, D. K. (2002). Interior Construction and Detailing for
Designers and Architects. Belmont: Professional
Publications, Inc
Ballast, D. K. (2013). Interior Design Reference Manual. PPI
Architectural Wood Institute (AWI). (2003). Architectural
Woodwork Quality Standards (1999).Restin: Architectural
Woodwork Institute.
McGowan, M., AIA and K. Kruse, AIA. (Eds). (2003). Interior
Graphic Standards. Hobokin: John Wiley and Sons.
Ching, F. D. K. & C. Adams. (2001). Building Construction
Illustrated (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Harmon, S. K., K. E. Kennon, AIA. (2001). The Codes Guidebook
for Interiors (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Hoke, J. R. Jr., FAIA (Ed.). (1994). Architectural Graphic
Standards (9th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.