Download - Dr. Henry C. Lee Chief Emeritus, Connecticut State Police Professor, University of New Haven
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Dr. Henry C. LeeChief Emeritus, Connecticut State Police
Professor, University of New HavenDirector, Forensic Research Center
New Investigative Techniques
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Information Theory
Criminal Investigation
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Investigative Technology
Image Enhancement & Analysis Digital Video Recording & Analysis Crime Scene Site Identification Electronic Monitoring Artificial Intelligence Biometric Identification Crime Mapping & Analysis Pattern Evidence Analysis Data Collection & Data Mining Reconstruction of Crime Scene
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Scene Process
Laboratory Process
Court Process
Recognition
DocumentationReservationCollection
Identification
Comparison
Individualization
Reconstruction
Interpretation
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Crime Scene Type of scene
- indoor vs outdoor- primary vs secondary- organized vs unorganized- staged vs normal- dynamic vs passive- universal vs. microscopic
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Transient Evidence 蹈 臨時鏗物証Pattern Evidence 痕跡鏗物証Conditional Evidence 情况鏗物証Transfer Evidence 移轉鏗物証Associative Evidence 連鎖鏗物証
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Pattern Evidence
Recognition of pattern Identification of patternDocumentation of
patternEnhancement of PatternComparison of pattern. Mechanism of transfer
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Bloodstain Patterns Drop, Drip and Satellite Pattern Swipe, Wipe and Smudges Impact, Splash, and Gushing Contact and Transfer Cast off and Wave Cast off Imprint and Impression Low, Medium and High Impact
Spatter
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Blood as Evidence PATTERN Location of Stain Position of stain Direction of stain Condition of stain Size & shape of stain Amount & distribution
of stain
TYPING ABO System Red cell system Serum grouping Isoenyme typing DNA Sex, Race, Age, Other
determination
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Types of Pattern on Body
Mark Made By Human Mark Made By Weapons Mark Made By Tools Mark Made By Animals Mark Made By Objects Mark Made By Vehicle Mark Made By Clothing
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Imprint Impression Evidence
Human – Fingerprint, Footprint, Lip print, Ear print, Body print, Handwriting.
Animal – Paw print, Body print. Vehicle – Tire Track, Impact Pattern, Damage
Pattern. Clothing- Fabric Pattern, Logo Imprint,
Accessory Imprint, Shoe Patterns Objects – Tool-marks, Bullets & Casings,
Weapon Pattern, Typewriter & Pattern, Marks & Trade Stamps.
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Methods for Pattern Enhancement
1) Photographic Methods
2) Chemical Methods 3) Lighting and
Filtering 4) Casting and Lifting
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Imprint Pattern Evidence at Scene
Finger / hand prints Foot / shoe prints Tire marks Bullet striations Casing imprints Handwritings Ear prints / nose prints Cutting mark of Body parts Machine marks Tool marks
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Physical Pattern on Body
Footprint patterns Tool mark patterns Shoeprint patterns Tire track patterns Bloodstain patterns Semen strain patterns Wound / injury patterns Rope/Ligature Marks Weapon Marks
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Types of Pattern on Body Mark Made By Human Mark Made By Weapons Mark Made By Tools Mark Made By Animals Mark Made By Objects Mark Made By Vehicle Mark Made By Clothing
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Mark Made By Human
Bite Mark Fingerprint Footprint Handprint Nail Mark Wound Pattern
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Mark Made by Animals & Insects Dog bite Claw Marks Insect BiteAnimal BiteScratch MarksBacteria Infection
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Mark Made By Tools Mark Made By
Weapons Mark Made By Vehicle Mark Made By
Clothing
Mark Made By Object
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Mark Made By Weapon
Sharp Instrument
Blunt Instrument Gunshot Wound Rope/Ligature Burn Patterns
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Types of Sharp Force Injury
Stabbing WoundCutting WoundChopping WoundSlashing WoundScraping Wound
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Knife SpeerSword NeedleArrow ScrewdriverAxe Ice pickMachete GlassHatchet Meat CleverAxe Scissor
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Sharp Force WoundSharp edges, Clear penetration and separation
Blunt Force InjuryBlunt-impact-crushes & tearLaceration-Abraded edges, undermined
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Knife SpearSword NeedleArrow ScrewdriverAxe Ice pickMachete GlassHatchet Meat CleverNeedle, Nail Scissor
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LacerationsSplitBridge of soft tissueAbraded EdgeMarginal AbrasionPatterned AbrasionChipping
Special Wound Pattern
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Gun Shot Wound
Contact Close Range Intermediate
range Distant range
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Contact Discharge
Muzzle against the skin Single and circular wound Entrance hole approximate diameter
of bore Little or no soot on skin Little or no burn on skin Muzzle mark on skin GSR in wound track
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Close Range Discharge1. Muzzle near skin (not a contact)
2. Circular Wound – right angle
3. Elliptical wound – slanted angle
4. Nibbling / cremation around wound edge
5. Blackened / soot on edge of wound
6. Annular / distant bruising
7. Singeing of hair / skin
8. GSR around wound
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Mid-range Discharge
1. Smoke / soot diminished 20-40cm
2. Muzzle to target – 15cm to 2 m
3. Powder tattooing around wound 20-6- cm
4. Cremated / scalloped wound edges
5. One central entrance hole 1m
6. Satellite holes around central hole – 1m
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Distance Discharge
1. Muzzle to target - 2m
2. No burning / soot on skin
3. Few GSR particles
4. Wad may be present – 5m
5. Central hole diminished 6- 10 m
6. Spread of pellets increase
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Mark Made by Animals & Insects Dog bite Claw Marks Insect BiteAnimal BiteScratch MarksBacteria Infection
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Examination of Pattern Evidence
Recognition of pattern Documentation of
patternIdentification of patternComparison of pattern. Mechanism of transfer
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Recognition of Pattern Evidence
Imprint vs.Indentation Human vs. Animal origin Weapon vs. Artificial mark Direct vs. Secondary Bloody Imprint vs. Impression in
Blood
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Documentation of Pattern Evidence
Photographs Video Taping Notes Diagrams Sketches Recording
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Identification of Pattern Evidence
Pattern made by hands Pattern made by foot Pattern made by Rope Pattern made by
Weapons Pattern made by Teeth,
Nail Pattern made by Vehicle Pattern made by Objects