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Evaluation of DC Electrical Resistivity Survey for Identifying Saltwater/ Freshwater Interface in the Young Kwang Coastal Region, South-Korea
Dr. Muhammad FarooqDepartment of Earth Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology AbbottabadDr. Samgyu ParkMineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resource, South Korea
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Quran & WaterSoorat al-Furqaan
25:53
And he has set free the two seas; one is fresh and palatable and the other is salty and bitter; and he has built between them a formidable, inviolable barrier.
Soorat ar-Rahman 55:19-20
He let free the two seas, they meet together; he has built a barrier between them, they do not transgress
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Geography of South Korea Located in East Asia
Land border with North Korea Coast line along three seas: 2413 kms Land mass is approx= 100,032 sq kms
Geology of South Korea Most rocks are of Precambrian age
Isolated Pockets of Paleozoic, Mesozoic & Cenozoic Baekdu & Hallasan mountain have crater lakes Hot springs indicate volcanic activity are widespread throughout Peninsula
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Topography & Drainage Tallest mountain is Hallasan (1950 m) Volcanic formation constituting Jeju Island Geologially stable (no active volcanoes & Earth quake) Aprrox. 30 % of the area consists of lowlands Aprrox. 70 % of the area consists of uplands / mountains Three important river, Nakdong (521 kms), Han river (514 kms) and Geum river (401 kms)
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Saltwater Intrusion
The movement of saline (salty) water into a freshwater aquifer
If source is marine water, the process is known as Seawater Intrusion
primary mechanisms of saltwater intrusion
Subsurface seawater movement (lateral large scale intrusion)
Seepage from tidal canals and streams
Connate upward movement from lower formations
(well withdrawals)
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Factors controlling the extent of Salt Intrusion
Rate of withdrawal vs. freshwater recharge
Distance of stress from saltwater source
Geologic structure
So, why is this a problem? Saltwater unfit for human consumption, other anthropogenic uses Reduces fresh groundwater storage Abandonment of supply wells Coastal ecosystems sensitive to salinity changesRed tides, fish kills, loss of sea grass habitat, destruction of coral reef
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Alluvium
Granodiorite
FG- Muscovite Granite
Porphytitic Biotite Granite
Biotite Granite
Geology of the area
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aIV 2/
Electrical Resistivity (ER)Electrical Current is induced
into the ground through two current electrodes.
Voltage drop is measured across potential electrodes.
Electrode array is expanded to increase depth of penetration.
Resistivity of formation/fluids measured in ohm-meters (Ω-m).
Modern systems use multi electrodes with automated switching.
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0 2 Km
VES 5 VES 6 VES 7VES 8
VES 9
VES 10
VES 1 VES 2
VES 3
VES 4
VES 11
BH-01
BH-02
A
A`
Vertical Electrical Sounding Data Acquisition layout
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VES 5 VES 6
VES 7 VES 8
VES 11VES 9
Curve Matching Technique in Vertical Electrical Sounding
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Litho- Resistivity Stratigraphic Column
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Litho- Resistivity Stratigraphic Cross Section
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Litho- Resistivity Stratigraphic Cross Section
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0 2 Km
VES 5 VES 7
VES 8
VES 9
VES 10
VES 1VES 2
VES 3
VES 4
VES 11
BH-01
BH-02
A
A`
VES 6
Brine water Brackish water
Litho- Resistivity Stratigraphic Cross Section
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Conclusions
Saline water intrusion has been taken placeDepth of intrusion increased as moved toward
coastal area.It is important to monitor sea water intrusion
with the help of geophysical techniqueGeophysical technique helps us to minimize the
cost and understand problem in better wayRecommendations Regulatory (legislative) approachesScientific monitoring/assessment
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Thank You!
Question????????