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Dr Paul MillerDr Paul MillerInteroperability FocusInteroperability Focus
[email protected]@ukoln.ac.ukwww.ukoln.ac.uk/www.ukoln.ac.uk/
Delivering Heritage to Delivering Heritage to the Peoplethe People— a UK perspective— a UK perspective
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See www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/See www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/
We are here…We are here…
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What is Nordic Heritage ?
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Nordic Heritage is…
PhysicalTangibleEnrichingInclusiveNationalFor usFiniteValuable
DigitalEphemeral
UncomfortableDivisive
InternationalFor our childrenEver-expanding
Expensive
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Nordic Heritage is…
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Valuing Culture…?Cultural memory, which is documented in the collections of museums, libraries and archives throughout the world, is a vital part of the human endeavour. It represents the knowledge accumulated through the generations, and enables humanity to build on the achievements of those who have gone before us. Cultural memory:
• Benefits individuals, by promoting a sense of identity through shared cultural values and by supporting the quest for lifelong learning;
• Benefits communities, by promoting economic prosperity and fostering the understanding that leads to a civil and just society; and
• Benefits humanity as a whole, by promoting the values we share as global citizens and by increasing our capacity to connect with one another to meet universal challenges.
Museums, libraries and archives—often called memory institutions—are trusted organizations that collectively document the entire range of human experience and expression. Memory institutions are engaged in the important work of:
• Capturing, authenticating, and making sense of cultural memory; • Preserving the human record for future generations; and • Sharing knowledge to support education and learning.
See www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/ccs/positions/ See www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/ccs/positions/
“
”
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Trustees of the Heritage
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Memory Institutions
Museums & Galleries, Libraries, Archives…• Hold the memory of the Nation in trust• Actively interpret• (Usually) under sell themselves• Possibly perpetuate organisational
structures irrelevant to the user• Offer a ‘human’ side of Government ?
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Some facts
In the UK, more people visit museums than go to theme parks and pop concerts
Visiting libraries is more popular than going to the cinema
There are over 4,000 public library branches in the UK• The vast majority will be connected to
the ‘Peoples Network’ by 2003• 70% already are.
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Moving Online
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Culture Online
Placed online, large parts of our Culture can become:
• available to the Nation/Continent/World, 24/7• accessible• ‘democratised’, and available equally to
the inhabitants of Reykjavik, and of a small village on the Outer Hebrides
• a powerful advert for Europe• comparable to similar resources from
elsewhere• viable as enablers and facilitators of
Learning, both formal and lifelong.
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Some assumptions
• Having access to digital surrogates of cultural heritage material is ‘useful’ and desirable
• The public sector has a role to play in this, beyond simply granting digitisation rights to Microsoft
• Availability of regional/national/international corpora of material is more useful to the user than hundreds or thousands of individual sites
• Metadata is key to making the vision reality.
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What is Metadata?
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What is ‘Metadata’?
– meaningless jargon
– ora fashionable, and terribly misused, term for what we’ve always done
– or“a means of turning data into information”
– and“data about data”
– andthe name of a person (‘Leif Eriksson’)
– andthe title of a book (‘Njal’s Saga’).
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What is ‘Metadata’?
Metadata may be applied to almost anything;• People• Places• Objects• Concepts• Web pages• Databases.
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What is ‘Metadata’?
Resource Discovery Metadata fulfils three main functions;• Description of resource content
– “What is it?”
• Description of resource form– “How is it constructed?”
• Description of resource use– “Can I afford it?”.
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‘Metadata’ is
Cataloguing made cool• But still a bit geeky?
An important driver for the information economy ?
A panacea in the battle against information overload ?
Potentially useful as an affordable and cost–effective means of unlocking a wealth of resources ?.
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Some assumptions
• Having access to digital surrogates of cultural heritage material is ‘useful’ and desirable
• The public sector has a role to play in this, beyond simply granting digitisation rights to Microsoft
• Availability of regional/national/international corpora of material is more useful to the user than hundreds or thousands of individual sites
• Metadata is key to making the vision reality.
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Some more assumptions
• Distribution is better than centralisation• Portals are good• Thick portals are better• A single portal is bad• Shared middleware services play a
key role• The problem is bigger than the UK
or Europe.
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Internationalisation
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Level 7An activity in need of a name!An activity in need of a name!Organised with support from CIMI and ResourceOrganised with support from CIMI and ResourceRecognised growing synergies between content Recognised growing synergies between content
creation activities globallycreation activities globallyGathered funders and programme managers in Gathered funders and programme managers in
LondonLondonReported in issue 5 of Reported in issue 5 of Cultivate InteractiveCultivate Interactive..
See www.cultivate-int.org/issue5/See www.cultivate-int.org/issue5/
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The Cultural Content Forum !
Met in Washington in MarchMet in Washington in March
around 40 representatives from Europe, Canada, USA, around 40 representatives from Europe, Canada, USA, Australia, New Zealand and TaiwanAustralia, New Zealand and Taiwan
Clear interest in a Clear interest in a user focususer focus
new work item to gather and explore existing user new work item to gather and explore existing user evaluation work, in order to develop a better picture of evaluation work, in order to develop a better picture of what users wantwhat users want
Reported in issue 7 of Reported in issue 7 of Cultivate InteractiveCultivate Interactive..
See www.cultivate-int.org/issue7/washington/See www.cultivate-int.org/issue7/washington/
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Standardisation
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Common Standards
Commonality of approach enables interoperability, and facilitates access.
Good standardisation is a foundation for good service, not a straitjacket to innovation
Increasing moves towards common standards and guidelines
NOF-digi
JISC
Canadian Cultural Content Initiative
e-GIF
RLG Cultural Materials Initiative
NINCH G2GP
etc.
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Common Standards
Work underway to standardise/harmonise• Resource capture/creation• Resource description• Resource discovery• Resource use• Resource reuse• Resource preservation• etc
Best/Good Practice and Community Building as important… if not more…
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Metadata for Education
Metadata for Education Group (MEG)•open forum for debating the description and provision of educational resources at all educational levels across the United Kingdom
•Founded upon a set of fundamental principles enshrined in the MEG Concord
•intends to establish itself as an authority in the application of descriptive metadata to predominantly UK educational resources
•seeks to become the first point of call for policy questions.
See www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/education/See www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/education/
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The MEG Concord
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The MEG Concord
See www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/education/documents/concord.html
See www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/education/documents/concord.html
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Discovering Content
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Web Web Web Web Web
Content(local andremote)
End-user
• Many different services
• Each has own user interface
• Each has a learning curve
The current picture
Slide by Andy Powell of UKOLN
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Towards an Architecture
Need for contextualisation
What are people doing• And what are the best technologies to
help them?
How can we move towards the appearance of seamless service?
No one-fit solution.
See www.dner.ac.uk/arch/ See www.dner.ac.uk/arch/
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Towards an architectureSearch
• Z39.50 and the Bath Profile
Harvest• OAI
Alert• RSS
Shared Middleware Services• Authenticate,
Authorise, Collection Description, User Preference, Institutional Preference…
See www.dner.ac.uk/arch/ See www.dner.ac.uk/arch/
Dublin Core
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JISC’s Information Environment
Broker/Aggregator
Portal Portal
Content providers
End-user
Portal
Broker/Aggregator
Authentication
Authorisation
Collect’n Desc
Service Desc
Resolver
Inst’n Profile
Shared services
Provisionlayer
Fusionlayer
Presentationlayer
Slide by Andy Powell of UKOLN
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publishingtools
sharedservices
portals
content
brokersand
aggregators
Architectural summaryprovision
fusioninfrastructure
presentation
registriesterminologyindexingresolutionauthenticationauthorisationcitation linking
m2m
Slide by Andy Powell of UKOLN
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Building the IE
Construction of various Portals in the Presentation Layer• ‘JISC Portal’ ?• Data Centre Portals (EDINA, MIMAS…)• Subject Portals (the RDN, ADS, etc.)• Data Type Portals (images, movies, sound…)• Institutional Portals• Personal Portals (Paul’s web!)
Also providing other access to discrete resources.
See www.jisc.ac.uk/dner/ See www.jisc.ac.uk/dner/
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National or Local?
JISC building various national services, including portals
Institutions also building portals, Managed/Virtual Learning Environments, myLibrary services, etc.
Where do we see the role for all?
need to escape from e-, and reach u-.
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See www.rdn.ac.uk/ See www.rdn.ac.uk/
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See www.cultureonline.gov.uk/ See www.cultureonline.gov.uk/
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Culture Online
• Announced September 2000
“Culture Online’s remit would be to use digital technologies to widen access to the resources of the arts and cultural sector, for the purposes of learning and enjoyment both at school and throughout life.”
• Building directly upon NOF, and the lessons it teaches
• Call closes today for initial expressions of interest.
See www.cultureonline.gov.uk/See www.cultureonline.gov.uk/
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See www.curriculumonline.gov.uk/ See www.curriculumonline.gov.uk/
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Curriculum Online“The vision for Curriculum Online is to give teachers easy online access to a wide range of digital learning materials, which they can use to support their teaching across the curriculum. These materials will form a consistent, coherent and comprehensive educational service for teachers and pupils. ”
• £50,000,000 investment in content and services for first year
• Schools have ‘learning credits’, to purchase content
• Portal launches in September.
See www.curriculumonline.gov.uk/ See www.curriculumonline.gov.uk/
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‘Networks’ for Cultural Content
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See www.rcahms.gov.uk/ See www.rcahms.gov.uk/
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See ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/ See ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/
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See www.scran.ac.uk/ See www.scran.ac.uk/
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See ads.ahds.ac.uk/heirport/ See ads.ahds.ac.uk/heirport/
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Reaching the Citizen…
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Government“to make the UK the best environment in the
world for e-commerce by 2002 to ensure that everyone who wants it has
access to the internet by 2005 to make all government services available
electronically by 2005” • Focus upon services• Focus upon the citizen• Focus upon the Joined Up approach• Recognition of multi–channel architecture
?
See www.e-envoy.gov.uk/publications/int_comparisons.htmSee www.e-envoy.gov.uk/publications/int_comparisons.htm
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From Project Plan for the Development of e-commerce and e-government 2000-2002
From Project Plan for the Development of e-commerce and e-government 2000-2002
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Focus on services
Deliver services to the citizen• Services rather than resources
– ‘transactional’ web sites
• Not just about finding documents on a web site
• Change of address service;–https://www.addressingthechange.com–www.ihavemoved.com/–www.simplymove.co.uk/.
See www.gateway.gov.uk/See www.gateway.gov.uk/
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Focus on the Citizen
Move away from the ‘silo mentality’• Citizens need/want access
to information/services/resources– These exist in different parts of local and
national government, organised according to internal needs or procedures, and packaged according to particular house styles and conventions
– None of which helps the citizen who just wants a new wheely bin (a.k.a ‘Garbage can’/ ‘trash can’/ ‘dumpster’ ?)
See www.ukonline.gov.uk/See www.ukonline.gov.uk/
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Recognise a multi–channel future
The web is not the only game in town…• Mobile phones/ WAP/ 3G• PDAs• Digital TV• Telephone call centres• One stop shop drop–in centres• High street information kiosks• The Post Office• Banks• Traditional access mechanisms
So… create content once for largely automated repackaging and repurposing• XML Schema/ XSL, etc… .
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The e–GIF
• e–Government Interoperability Framework• Technical standards and policies at the heart
of e–Government• Conformance is mandatory across the Public
Sector• Adoption of Internet and Web standards across
government• XML/XSL, plus government–specific schemas
• Change of Address service, for example, utilises XML Schemas to pass details between participants.
See www.govtalk.gov.uk/See www.govtalk.gov.uk/
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The e–GIF
• e–Government Interoperability Framework• Version 4 released in April• Incorporates Metadata Framework (Dublin
Core), the UK Government Metadata Element Set, and the Government Category List
• Under consideration for EC/ EU use.
See www.govtalk.gov.uk/See www.govtalk.gov.uk/
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Generalising a model…
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A premiseWe want to provide useful services to
our users.• These should be
– Usable– Functional– Fit-for-purpose
– yet cool and attractive
– Sustainable– Interoperable
• And could be– Informational– Transactional
Technical standards are the dull but necessary reality for making this happen.
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In search of solutions…
A common approach• Mandated as a condition of grant?
– nof–digi technical standards and guidelines– Although evidence of voluntary adoption…
– DNER Learning & Teaching Programme technical guidelines– Canadian Digital Cultural Content Initiative technical guidelines– e–GIF
An open approach– Avoidance of proprietary solutions– Based on emerging or established standards– XML based. Mappable to Dublin Core….
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A consensus–based approach• Need community adoption and
understanding• Data creators and providers need a
sense of ownership
An evolutionary approach• Channels• New standards• New user requirements• Remember preservation.
In search of solutions…
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An architecture
Integrated information environment is complex• An overarching architecture helps to
place individual features in context– searching– harvesting– alerting– Shared middleware– Common identifiers, etc.
See www.dner.ac.uk/architecture/See www.dner.ac.uk/architecture/
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Part of a model
Placing detailed descriptions of all cultural artefacts online infeasible?• Expensive• A big job!• Leads to information overload
Collection Level Description a way forward• Pointers into collections• Easier to harmonise across domains• Achievable.
See www.ukoln.ac.uk/cd-focus/See www.ukoln.ac.uk/cd-focus/
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The Big Issue(s)
Language• Whether ‘technical’ or vernacular
Terminological control• Shared subject terms
Certification/ Authenticity• How do I know it’s an authoritative description of
the Mona Lisa ?
Infrastructure• How to enable cross–search?
Meeting the requirements of new users• Largely let down by our current offerings.
See www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue29/miller/See www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue29/miller/
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Conclusions
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Conclusions•The Heritage matters
• a digitised Heritage may be exploited in new ways, by new and old markets
•Effective exploitation requires• Cooperation, collaboration, and consensus building• shared vision• new ways of working• institutional and organisational change
– is ‘library’ a meaningful concept to the learner?
– is ‘museum’?
• an interoperable technical base
•We need to be responsive to the needs of our users• cultural tourist, student, lifelong learner,
professional… .
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Dr Paul MillerDr Paul MillerInteroperability FocusInteroperability Focus
[email protected]@ukoln.ac.ukwww.ukoln.ac.uk/www.ukoln.ac.uk/
Delivering Heritage to Delivering Heritage to the Peoplethe People— a UK perspective— a UK perspective