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Promoting Employment and Entrepreneurship for Rural Youth:The Case of the Farmer Field and Life Schools (JFFLS)
Dr. Peter Wobst - Senior EconomistEconomic and Social Development Department
19th CTA Brussels Rural Development Briefing - 16 June 2010Youth and Rural Development
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UN System-wide policy coherence
System-wide commitment • Second UN Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017):
“Full Employment and Decent Work for All”
• ECOSOC resolution 2008/18 “Promoting full employment and decent work for all”
MDG target 1.B (2005): “Achieving full and productive employment and decent work for all including women and young people”.
System-wide initiatives • Plan of Action (2nd Poverty Decade)
• 2009 CEB Crisis Initiatives: Global Jobs Pact and Social Protection Floor Initiatives
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Rural Employment Team
FAO Global Goals: • Reduction of hunger• Elimination of poverty• Sustainable management of natural resources
Gender, Equity and Rural Employment Division (ESW)
FAO’s New Strategic Framework
A B C D E F G H I K L
Crop production
Livestock production
Fisheries and Aquaculture Food Safety
Forest and Tree
management
Natural Resources
Management & Environmental
Challenges
Markets, Livelihoods,
Rural Development
Food Security and
Nutrition
Preparedness and Response
to Emergencies
Gender equity
Investment in Agriculture and Rural
Development
G
Markets, Livelihoods,
Rural Development
IIEE (2007) recommendation: “Refocus FAO’s work on value addition and employment for income generation and food access”
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Strategic Objective GEnabling environment for markets to improve livelihoods and rural development
Organizational Result 2Rural employment creation, access to land and income diversification are integrated
into agricultural and rural development policies, programmes and partnerships
Unit Result G0209The enabling environment in support of decent rural employment is improved
Decent work
Country-based strategic approach
Youth employment
Decent WorkAgenda
Employ creation Rights at work
Social ProtectionSocial Dialogue
Institutions
Gender
Equity
Sub-areas Principles Considerations Topics
Smallholder trans
Globalization
Climate change
Econ & fin crises
Outcomes
Enabling Environment
More and better jobs
Increased incomes and livelihoods
Food security & poverty
reduction
Others ...
Child labour prevention
Migration
Economic & social
empowermentLand / NR
Decent rural employment
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• CEB Gobal Jobs Pact and Social Protection Floor Initiative
• Second UN Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017)
• CAADP process • Other regional frameworks
• ILO Decent Work Country Programmes
• UNDAF
Country support approach• Country profiles• Specific policy advice and technical
assistance on rural employment(e.g. JFFLS via UNJPs)
Strategic country support approach
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Share of rural youth in total population
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Country data snapshot (Malawi)
Share of youth living with less then 2 US$ per day 66.3%
Typical Malawi youth
Location Sex Age Literate Attending school
Rural 87% Female 52% 19 Yes 63% No 40%
Working youth population
National / rural Female 23% (94.6% in agriculture)
Male 19% (88.6 % in agriculture)
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Lack of access to and control over productive resources (e.g. land and capital)
Inadequate skills (e.g. production, processing and business skills)
Generational gap (e.g. transfer of indigenous farming knowledge from adults to young)
Labour market discriminations often result into higher unemployment rates for young girls
Globalization (e.g. uncertainties, variability in prices)
Few countries have included employment promotion strategies in their PRSPs
Many challenges for rural youth
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JUNIOR FARMER FIELD AND LIFE SCHOOLSAgriculture techniques COMBINED WITH life and business skills
JFFLS: Creating jobs and engaging people
crop cycle follows
creation of
Youth Farmers’ Associations
JFFLS graduates
one year cycle
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JFFLS training modules
Land preparationPlanning in agriculture and in lifeGrowing up healthy Agriculture diversityProtection (IPM and personal protection)How to face threats and lossFood processing and conservationEntrepreneurship – business skillsWater for life Land and property rights Child labour prevention (FAO-ILO module)
—————Monitoring and Evaluation toolkit
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AGRICULTURAL SKILLS LIFE-BUSINESS SKILLS
PLANNING IN AGRICULTURE(planning a cropping calendar)
PLANNING IN LIFE(importance of setting goals)
WATER MANAGEMENT(irrigation methods)
WATER IN LIFE – HYGIENE – HEALTH(quality of water and nutrition)
CHARATERISTICS OF SOIL CONDITION(methods of sowing and preparation)
PERSONAL CHARATERISTICSAND DEVELOPMENT
HOW TO PROTECT YOUR CROPSAND PROPERTY
HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF(child labour, rights and property rights)
WHEN TO HARVEST AND WHAT TO DO WITH IT(demands from the market)
AGRICULTURE AS A BUSINESS(business and marketing skills)
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS(sustainable and diversified agriculture)
MAINTANANCE IN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PROPERTY
Innovative JFFLS curriculum
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Ministry of YouthMinistry of Education FAO
Institutional Support
Youth Clubs - Schools
Vocational TrainingCenters
Capacity Building
Norms and Standards
Innovation Programmes
Inclusion of agric.skills in MoYDS - MoE
curriculum
Creation of Youth Farmers’
Associations
National ownership - Up-scaling to all MoYDS clubs and MoE schools & Farmers’ Cooperatives
+
+
=
=
Institutionalization
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Implementing countriesBurundi, Cameroon, DRC, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Ghana, Honduras, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Rwanda, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Foreseen next Comoros, Haiti and Niger
Youths trained 19,000
Facilitators trained 2,000
JFFLS mapping
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National Government + UN Country Team (UNCT)
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
(UNDAF)=
UNJPs in Comoros, Nepal, Honduras, Tunisia, Mozambique, Gaza & West Bank, Sudan and Malawi
• National ownership • Partnership • Comparative advantage • Maximum effectiveness
and accountability
UN-wide system coherence: Delivering as ONE
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The way forward
Undertake core activities under areas of gender equality and rural employment, youth employment promotion, child labour prevention and migrationSeek financial support for developing and applying a strategic country support approachJFFLS as integral part of an inclusive FAO country approach on decent rural employmentExpand country and regional coverage of JFFLSEnhance institutionalization of JFFLSLink rural youth employment work to UN country teams and inter-agency mechanisms:
CEB Joint Crisis Initiatives: Global Jobs Pact and Social Protection Floor InitiativeUNDAFs, UNJPs, NEPAD/CAADP, DWCPsCollaboration with ILO Continued UNJPs cooperation (UN-wide approach)
Link to other development partners and policy areas
Contact: www.fao-ilo.org / [email protected]