Download - Draw and Label the Parts of a Wave
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Draw and Label the Parts of a Wave
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How is the ocean floor studied??
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SonarSOund NAvigation and RangingSonar signal sent to ocean floorTime how long it takes to reach bottom and return to
surfaceSide Scan Sonar
Technique that directs sonar waves at an angle
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Calculating DepthD = (1500 m/s) (time / 2)1500 m/s = speed of sound in waterExample:If sound signal takes 4 seconds how far away is the
ocean floor at that location?D = (1500 m/s) (4s/2)D = (1500 m/s) (2s)D = 3000 m
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SubmersiblesDeep Diving Submersible
2-3 person vesselCan reach moderate to deep depthsExcellent horizontal movement
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Self Contained Diving1940s - Developed first
practical scuba (aqua lung)
Released compressed air when diver inhaled
Divers could swim freely rather than walk along bottom
SCUBA= Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
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Ocean FloorContinental Margin
Area where the edges of the continents meet the ocean
Shallowest part of ocean
Includes:Continental ShelfContinental SlopeContinental Rise
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Continental ShelfShallowest part of
continental marginExtends into ocean from
shoreAverage width is 60 kmDepth of water – 130 m
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Continental SlopeQuick drop in the seafloorTrue edge of continentTurbidity Currents
Fast moving water currents along sea floor that carve out submarine canyons
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Continental RiseGently sloping
accumulation of sediment at the bottom of the continental slope
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Ocean Floor FeaturesAbyssal Plains
Flattest part of the ocean floor5 to 6 km below surface
SeamountsUnderwater basaltic volcanoes
GuyotsLarge, extinct, volcanoes with flat
submerged tops
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Ocean BasinsMid-ocean Ridge
Underwater chain of mountains
Mid-Atlantic RidgeDeep Sea Trenches
Deep Elongated Depressions
Marianas Trench
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Hydrothermal VentsAt rift zones, water
seeps through cracks and gets heated.
Hot water rises dissolving minerals out of rocks as it flows
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Hydrothermal VentsWater emerges from
seafloor and comes in contact with cold water
Minerals in hot water form a dark cloud called a Black Smoker
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Hydrothermal VentsSubmersibles
visited vents more than 2400 meters deep
Temperatures can get as high as 371 Celsius
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Case Study1977 – AlvinParts of seafloor
near vents had thick growth of living things
Water very rich in minerals
H2S – Hydrogen Sulfide
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AlvinHigh Concentration of
bacteriaBacteria uses H2S to
make foodShare food with other
creaturesChemosynthesis
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Vent Life
Giant Clam
Tubeworms
Vent Crab
Pompeii Worm
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Life Span of Hydrothermal VentsLife span varies (months to decades)Some vents become inactive if there is no Hydrogen
Sulfide availableEruptions can spill out lava killing organisms at vents
New vents die out and appear regularly