Download - Dril blustangnb
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SHORT HOLES :SHORT HOLES :diameter < 52 mmdiameter < 52 mmlength < 5 mlength < 5 m
advantages :advantages : allow to follow the irregularallow to follow the irregularore/waste contact in weakore/waste contact in weakformationsformations
disadvantages :disadvantages : low productivity, high costlow productivity, high cost
Blast hole drilling
LONG HOLES :LONG HOLES :diameter up to 162 mmdiameter up to 162 mmlength up to 70 mlength up to 70 m
advantages :advantages : highhigh productivity, low costproductivity, low cost
disadvantages :disadvantages : application is limited to regular application is limited to regular or massive strong depositsor massive strong deposits
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Drilling patterns for narrow vein deposits
Overhand or back stoping Breast stoping Frontal benching
w
h
l
l
h
w
h
wl
Cut-and-fill and Shrinkage Stoping
Cut-and-fill and Shrinkage Stoping
Undercut-and-fill Stoping
Production Jumbo
Drifting Jumbo
Drifting Jumbo
Hand-heldStoper drill
Hand-heldJack Leg drill
Hand-heldJack Leg drill
Hole depth,m
3 - 4
2 - 2.5
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Drilling patterns for narrow vein deposits
Schéma de foration de la face du chantier partranches montantes remblayées
h
wl
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Drilling patterns for flat dipping deposits
drifting downward benching
downward benching with 4 free facesfrontal benching with 4 free faces
downward benching with 3 free facesfrontal benching with 3 free faces
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MANUAL DRILLINGMANUAL DRILLING
Short hole drilling
JUMBOSJUMBOS
Diameter : jusqu’à 82 mmLength : 15 mDownward drilling : 25 m/hourUpward drilling : 20 m/hour
TOP HAMMERTOP HAMMER
Diameter : 28-46 mmLength : 3 mJack-hammer : 12.5 m/hourStoper : 10 m/hour
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Parallel drilling patterns for massive deposits
vertical slabbing horizontal slabbing
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Fan drilling patterns for massive deposits
upward fan drilling downward fan drilling ring fan drilling
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Beam pattern patterns for massive deposits
Crown pillar cavingCrown pillar caving
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Long hole drilling
DOWN THE HOLE HAMMERDOWN THE HOLE HAMMER
DRILL RIGDRILL RIG
Diameter : up to 165 mmLength : 100 mDrilling speed : 15 (6-20) m/hour
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Operating costs of drilling and blasting
oreofton/$,cs
C
T
LC
steel,bit
drilling
hour
round
round
drilling
where : Chour - hourly cost of the drilling equipment in $ per hour ;cbit,steel - bit and steel wear cost per meter drilled in $ per meter ,
cbit,steel 1 $/mTround - tonnage blasted per round in tonnes per round ;Lround - total holes length per round in m per round ;sdrilling - average drilling speed in m per hour :
Jumbo frontal stoping, breasting : sdrilling = 25 m/hourJumbo overhand stoping : sdrilling = 20 m/hourJack leg : sdrilling = 12.5 m/hourStoper : sdrilling = 10 m/hour
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Cost estimation
Capital cost
Hourly operating cost
Operator labor
Parts
Maintenance labor
Diesel fuel
Electric power
Lube oil
Tires
Compressed air
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Cost estimation
Parts, $/h
Labor, $/h Electricity, $/h
Lube, $/h Tires, $/h
Total, $/h
Jack-hammer 0,15 0,15 0 0,15 0 0,45Stoper drill 0,11 0,11 0 0,15 0 0,37QUASAR D3-E50 5,58 5,1 2,09 1,91 0,07 14,75MERCURY D4-E50 5,58 5,1 2,09 1,91 0,07 14,75MONOMATIC 5,58 5,1 2,09 1,91 0,07 14,75QUASAR 1L D3-E50 6,87 6,25 2,17 2,37 0,07 17,73
Hourly operating cost
Hole diameter, mm
Hole length, m
Drilling speed, m/h
Price, $ Hourly operating cost, $/h
Compressed air cost, $/h
Price 27-40 2-3,5 10-15 4884 0,45 2,2Marteau- stopeur 27-40 2-2,5 8-12 3784 0,37 2,7QUASAR D3-E50 35-41 3-4 15-25 333500 14,75 4,5MERCURY D4-E50 35-41 3-4 15-25 333500 14,75 4,5MONOMATIC 35-41 3-4 15-25 333500 14,75 4,5QUASAR 1L D3-E50 45-63 12-20 20-40 414330 17,73 6
Capital cost and technical characteristics
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Operating cost of drilling and blasting : Tonnage blasted per round
meter,lhwTaverageround
where : w - stop width in m ;h - stop height in m ;l - stop length in m ;average - average rock masse density in tonne per m3 .
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Operating costs of drilling and blasting : Total holes length per round
where : lhole - hole depth in meters ;N - number of holes per round, holes ;q - powder factor in kilograms of explosive per tonne of rock
broken ;Eh - charge of explosive per hole in kilograms ;Tround - tonnage of rock blasted per round in tonnes.
holes,Eh
qTroundN round
meters,NlLholeround
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Theoretical powder factor
where : Rc - uniaxial compressive strength of the rock in MPa; C1 and C2 - empirical coefficients
3c210 m/kg,RCCq
C1 C2
Short holes 0.16 0.008Long holes -0.0448 0.0067
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Corrected powder factor
543210I kkkkkqq
where : q0 - theoretical powder factor in kilograms of explosive per cubic meter of rock broken ;
k1 - is relative strength of explosive factork2 - is required fragmentation factork3 - is the hole diameter factork4 - free face condition factor is the factor taking in to account number and conditions of free facesk5 - drilling pattern factor taking into account increasing of the powder factor when the drilling pattern is different from parallel
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Relative strength of explosive factor - k1
where : ABSref - absolute bulk strength of the reference explosive in J/cm3 or in cal/cm3
ABS - absolute bulk strength of new explosive in J/cm3 or in cal/cm3
AWSref - absolute weight strength of the reference explosive in J/gramme or in cal/gramme :
explosive of reference is the Extra dynamite : AWS = 1030 cal/gAWS - absolute weight strength of new used explosive in J/grammek1 = 1.13 for ANFO
AWS
AWSkor
ABS
ABSk ref
1ref
1
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Relative strength of explosive factor - k1
Typical Properties of Extra Gelatine
Blend%Emulsion / %ANFO
100/0 80/20 70/30 60/40
Bulk Density (g/cc) 1-05-1.25 1.05-1.28 1.05-1.28 1.05-1.30VOD (m/s) 6000 5800 5800 5600Water Resistance Excellent Excellent Excellent ExcellentRelative WeightStrength (Effective)
101 106 110 114
Relative Bulk Strength(Effective)
150 159 168 176
Sleep Time (months) 2 2 2 2Minimum HoleDiameter, mm
75 75 75 75
Typical Properties for Emulsion and Emulsion/ANFO blends
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Relative strength of explosive factor - k1
Typical Properties of UNIGEL Semi-Gelatin Nitroglycerine Dynamite
Typical Properties of DYNO RU Booster sensitive bulk emulsion
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Required fragmentation factor - k2
1nf
2 b
lk
1k2 For short holes
For long holes
where : lf average distance between fractures in the rock masseb required average bloc size after blastingn1 = 0.5 to 0.6
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Hole diameter factor - k3
Jumbo : d = 38 mmHend-held drill d = 32 mm
2n
ref3 d
dk
where : d - new hole diameter in mdref - diameter of reference in m
for short holes dref = 0.042 mfor long holes dref = 0.105 m
n2= 1 - in monolithic formation ;n2= 0.5 - in highly fractured formation
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Free face condition factor - k4
k4 = 1.4 to 1.6 for a blast of short holes with a single free face perpendicular to holes axes
k4 = 1.2 to 1.3 if blasting of long holes is done on the broken rock masse
Broken material
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Drilling pattern factor - k5
beam pattern : k5 = 1.3 to 1.5
Burde
nS
free face
open stope
broken ore
fan pattern :k5 = 1.1 to 1.2
parallel pattern (reference) :k5 = 1
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Operating costs of drilling and blasting : unit hole depth
where : lhole - hole depth in meters ;fpull 0.92 - pull factor taking in to account the subdrilling ;z - stop size parallel to the hole, stop length for the breast or
frontal stoping and stop height for the overhand stoping ;
meters,f
zl
pull
hole
lhole
l
h
lhole
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Operating costs of drilling and blasting : Charge of explosive per hole
where : Eh - charge of explosive per hole in kilograms ;lhole - hole depth in meters ;dhole - hole diameter in meters ; - of explosive loading density in kilograms per m3,
= 800 for ANFO ;fburden - burden factor, fburden 0.75 ;fp - factor taking in to account charge diameter compared with hole
diameter, fp = 1 for ANFO.
hole/kg,fl)fd(4
Ehbourdenhole
2
phole
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Cost of blasting
where : p/ - corrected powder factor in kilograms of explosive per tonne of rock broken ;
cexplosive - cost of explosive in $ per kilogram , cexplosive = 0.6 $/kg for ANFO ;
ccap,primer - cost of caps and primers in $ per hole , ccap,primer 2.5 $/hole ;
N - number of holes per round .
brokentonne/$,T
NccpC
round
primer,cap
losiveexpblasting