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E. Napp
The British Empire in India
In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms:
Imperialism
Sepoy Rebellion
British East India Company
Effects of British Imperialism on India
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Imperialism is the practice of one countryextending its control over the political
and economic life of another country. TheBritish conquered and colonized India.
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The British East India Company controlledtrade between India and Britain. In the1700s, the British East India Companybegan to control India’s political and
economic life.
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In the 1830s, the East India Companycame under the control of the Britishgovernment. Many Indians resented
British rule.
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In 1857, a large number of British-trainedIndian soldiers, known as sepoys, rebelled
against their British officers.
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Sepoys had to bite off bullet cartridgeswhich they thought were greased with
pork or beef fat. Muslim and Hindusoldiers believed they were being forced
to violate their religion.
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E. Napp
The angry sepoys rose up against theirBritish officers. The Sepoy rebellion
quickly spread to cities across northernand central India. One effect of the
mutiny was that the British governmentabolished the East India Company and
took over formal rule of India.
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The Sepoy Rebellionwas put down and
India becamea British possession.
The British ruledIndia for two
centuries. They changed many
aspects of Indianlife.
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E. Napp
The British provided a single system oflaw and government, unifying India. They
also introduced English as a unifying language.
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E. Napp
The British built roads, bridges, andrailroads in India. They set up
telegraph wires. However, India’scottage industries, in which goodswere made in homes, were hurt by
competition with British goods.
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The British built hospitals, introducednew medicines, and provided faminerelief. At the same time, health careimprovements led to a population explosion without an increase in
economic opportunities.
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Indians were also looked downupon by the British and their culture was treated as inferior to European
culture. Indian workers provided theBritish with inexpensive labor.
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Indians worked for long hours underterrible working conditions. The British
gained wealth while Indians wereexploited.
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E. Napp
Questions for Reflection:
• Why did the British conquer and colonize India?
• Who were sepoys and why did they rebel against the British?
• How did the Sepoy Rebellion change the political situation in India?
• What were the effects of British Imperialism on India?