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Early History of Japan
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Pages 393-395 = Your responsibility.Pages 395 on, we will discuss today.
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Japanese Feudalism• During the 1100s, turmoil rocked Japan.• Strong warrior knights, called samurai, waged fierce
battles to control the land.• New system of government emerged: feudalism• Feudalism: local lords rule the land, but were bound
to higher lords and to the emperor by ties of loyalty.• 1192—Emperor becomes a figurehead, having no
political power.• Grant strong military figure in Japan the title of
shogun, or chief general of the army.• Commands army of samurai
• In theory, shogun commanded complete loyalty of his lords• In practice, samurai lords fought one another for
power & land
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Achieving Unity• Japan had been divided and feudal until the late 1500s when a series of warrior landowners managed to gain power• Eventually, power comes to Tokugawa family, who created
a military gov’t (bakufu)• 1600—Tokugawa Ieyasu becomes shogun• Next 268 years—Tokugawa bakufu = main gov’t of Japan• Wasn’t much for centralization of power. Instead,
brought the great samurai, now called daimyo, under their control.
• Samurai entitled to annual salary from daimyo called a “stipend,” essentially paying them off to ensure they didn’t become restless
• Peace is achieved.
Tokugawa Ieyasu
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Issues with Feudalism• Central bakufu had trouble controlling more powerful daimyo, who built up their strength due to control of local resources.• Samurai a “rough and tumble” group. Gang wars.• Tokugawa bakufu already on the ropes when two devastating events occur:
1. Opium Wars (China v. Great Britain)2. Arrival of Matthew Perry in 1853
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OMG MATTHEW PERRY?!?
…not that Matthew Perry.
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This Matthew Perry.
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Opium Wars (1839-1842)• China just suffered a humliating defeat at the hands of Western powers• Europeans forced China to give them special
trade privileges• This served as a wake up call to see dominant power in the region fall so easily.
1700 20001800 1900Revolutionary Civil WWI WWII Vietnam
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Arrival of Matthew Perry
1700 20001800 1900Revolutionary Civil WWI WWII Vietnam
• Matthew Perry = American naval officer• 1853—Perry arrive in Japan• Wants Japan to open up to trade
• Tokugawa bakufu infamous for unfriendly policies toward foreigners• Western Christians that stepped foot in Japan put to
death• Perry & Americans force Japan to sign trade treaties similar to treaties signed by China after Opium Wars
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Result?• Further motivated the daimyo & samurai, who were already ready to give the Tokugawa the boot.• Nationalism ensues.• Forced Japan to unify itself and develop one of the most modern states in the world.