Download - Earth crust
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Erath Crust
Vivek Srivastava
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Earth Layers
• The Earth is divided into four main layers.
*Inner Core*Outer Core*Mantle *Crust
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The Earth’s Crust• The crust is the thinnest layer on Earth, 5 km to 100 km
• There are two types of crust
•Oceanic crust – made mostly of the igneous rock basalt. Found under the ocean. Relatively thin, 5 km to 7 km. Contains more iron than the Continental crust, therefore is more dense.
•Continental crust – made mostly of granite. Found under the continents. Relatively thick, up to 100 km.
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Special parts of the Crust
• Lithosphere• Crust is the upper part of the lithosphere.• Broken up into large plates.• The uppermost part of the mantle is also
part of the Lithosphere• Asthenosphere
• Upper part of mantle, below lithosphere • 130 – 160 km thick• Cooler part of the mantle that the
lithosphere plates slide on top of.
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The Earth’s Mantle• Located directly above the outer core
• Starts below the crust
• Is the largest layer
• 80% of the Earth’s volume & 68% of Earth’s mass
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The Earth’s Mantle• Composed of more iron than the crust.
• Density, pressure, and temperature all increase the deeper you go in the mantle
• Temperature ranges from 870 C – 2200 C
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Special layers of the mantle
• Lithosphere – crust plus the upper, solid part of the mantle. Forms plates.
• Asthenosphere – just under the lithosphere. Slow moving “Silly putty” layer on which the lithospheric plates slide. (Solid rock that flows very slowly.)
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The Earth’s Core
The Earth’s Core• Composed of the inner and outer
core• Both are made of iron and nickel
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The Earth’s Outer CoreThe Outer Core - Liquid• Surrounds the inner core
• Temperature ranges from 2200 C – 5000 C near inner core
• Molten (liquid) iron and nickel
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The Earth’s Inner CoreThe Inner Core - Solid• Temperature reaches 5000 C
• Solid iron and nickel • Usually both would be liquid but are solid in
the core because of the incredible pressure
• The solid core is the source of Earth’s magnetic field
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Magnetosphere• The inner core and outer cores do not
turn at the same speed as the rest of the earth.
• Causes a generator effect which produces a magnetic field.
• It protects us from some of the sun’s harmful radiation.
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•What does the inside of the Earth look like?
•How do scientists know that there is a solid inner core?
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Determining the composition of the Earth
• Scientists cannot see the interior of the planet, or drill to the core, so they use seismic waves to determine the composition of the layers.
• Seismic waves: are vibrations that are produced when an earthquake happens.
• Seismic waves travel at different speed depending on the composition and density of material. Measuring these waves tells us what is in the Earth’s layers, and how the materials change.
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What do you know about these layers?