NOTE: You do not need to study the challenge

questions for the exam.

EARTH SCIENCE MIDTERM EXAM

REVIEW

• Since the moon has no atmosphere, then

• A. it experiences big temperature changes from day to night.

• B. it experiences no erosion.

• C. it gets bombarded by meteorites.

• D. all of the above.

MOON FEATURES

• Who publically opposed the Apollo moon landing?

• A. Carl Sagan

• B. Richard Nixon

• C. Walt Disney

• D. Mohammed Ali

CHALLENGE! (MOON FEATURES)

• What phase of the moon do you see here?

• A. Full moon

• B. First quarter

• C. Waxing crescent

• D. Waning gibbous

PHASES OF THE MOON

• What movie will sync up with the Dark Side of the Moon album by Pink Floyd?

• A. Snow White

• B. Willy Wonka

• C. Wizard of Oz

• D. Wall-E

CHALLENGE! (PHASES OF THE MOON)

• In order to have a lunar eclipse, the following objects must be in what order?

• A. moon-earth-sun

• B. Earth-sun-moon

• C. moon-sun-Earth

• D. None of these

ECLIPSES

• How wide is the moon’s umbra during a solar eclipse? (average)

• A. 1 mile

• B. 10 miles

• C. 100 miles

• D. 1000 miles

CHALLENGE! (ECLIPSES)

• What type of tide do you see here?

• A. Spring tide

• B. Neap tide

• C. Rip tide

• D. Roll tide

TIDES

• Where could you experience a tidal bore?

• A. The Atlantic Ocean

• B. The Sienne River

• C. The Great Lakes

• D. None of these

CHALLENGE! (TIDES)

• How did Kepler improve the Copernican model?

• A. He put the Sun in the center.

• B. He put the Earth in the center.

• C. He said the orbits were elliptical.

• D. He added comets.

SS MODELS

• Where is the Very Large Array?

• (27 radio telescopes used to collect pictures from satellites in space)

• A. New York

• B. New Guinea

• C. New Mexico

• D. New Zealand

CHALLENGE! (SS MODELS)

• Where is the convective zone?

• A. A

• B. B

• C. C

• D. D

SUN FEATURES

• If we could gather all the energy the sun put out in one second, for how long could we power all our needs on Earth?

• A. 5 years

• B. 500 years

• C. 500,000 years

• D. 5 million years

CHALLENGE! (SUN FEATURES)

• Which of the following causes seasons?

• A. Earth’s tilted axis

• B. Earth’s elliptical orbit

• C. The moon

• D. Solar wind

SEASONS

• Where and when could a person develop insomnia due to lack of nightfall?

• A. The equator at noon

• B. Northern Alaska in summer

• C. Mt. Everest in summer

• D. Death Valley in winter

CHALLENGE! (SEASONS)

• What planet is found between the asteroid belt and Saturn?

• A. Mars

• B. Earth

• C. Neptune

• D. Jupiter

PLANETS

• Mars Curiosity Rover recently found

• A. The “flower” rock.

• B. a small stream

• C. martian fossils.

• D. gold.

CHALLENGE! (PLANETS)

• What is the name of the rocky center of a comet?

• A. Core

• B. Mantle

• C. Coma

• D. Nucleus

COMETS

• How close did Comet Hyakutake (1996) came within ___ of Earth.

• A. 9.3 miles

• B. 9.3 thousand miles

• C. 9.3 million miles

• D. 9.3 light minutes

CHALLENGE! (COMETS)

• Shooting stars are not stars at all… they are actually

• A. Meteoroids.

• B. Meteors.

• C. Meteorites.

• D. Comets.

EARTH IMPACTS

• How big was the meteorite that made this crater (Meteor Crater in AZ)?

• A. School bus

• B. High school

• C. High school weight room

• D. The football stadium

CHALLENGE! (EARTH IMPACTS)

• While the universe is about 14 billion years old, the solar system is about

• A. 1 billion years old.

• B. 5 billion years old.

• C. 10 billion years old.

• D. a google years old.

SS FORMATION

• Many planets of the solar system may have formed from a star that had been recycled ___.

• A. Never

• B. Once

• C. Twice

• D. 100 times

CHALLENGE! (SS FORMATION)

• The Sun is ___ away.

• A. 93 billion miles

• B. 1 AU

• C. 150 km

• D. 8 light years

DISTANCES

• How far away is the Hubble Telescope?

• 347 miles

• 347 light seconds

• 347 light minutes

• 347 AU

CHALLENGE! (DISTANCES)

• What stage is blocked by the gray box?

• A. Supernova

• B. Main sequence

• C. Nebula

• D. White dwarf

STAR LIFE CYCLE

• How many supernovas happen in the universe per year?

• Our galaxy has about two per century.

• A. 100

• B. 100,000

• C. 1,000,000

• D. 1,000,000,000

CHALLENGE! (STAR LIFE CYCLE)

• Which of the following belongs in this list?

• BLACK HOLE, PROTOSTAR, SUPERNOVA

• A. main sequence

• B. Galaxy

• C. Constellation

• D. Comet

STARS

• What European soccer team’s nickname is inspired by our galaxy’s nickname?

• A. Real Madrid

• B. Chelsea

• C. Newcastle

• D. Los Angeles

CHALLENGE! (STARS)

• What shape is the Milky Way?

• A. Irregular

• B. Spiral

• C. Sombrero

• D. Amoeba

GALAXIES

• Where is the Sun?

• A. The Orion Arm

• B. The exact center of the SS

• C. The middle of the Milky Way

• D. The Andromeda Galaxy

CHALLENGE! (GALAXIES)

• What type of star is Rigel?

• A. Giant

• B. Blue supernova

• C. Blue supergiant

• D. White dwarf

HR DIAGRAM

• What nationalities were the two men that made the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

• A. American and German

• B. English and Swedish

• C. Scottish and South African

• D. American and Danish

CHALLENGE! (HR DIAGRAM)

• The diagram here explains how

• A. Stars that are moving away show red shift.

• B. Stars that are moving away show blue shift.

• C. Stars don’t move.

• D. Stars emit slinkies into your eye if you wear a hair piece.

BIG BANG

• Who suggested that there was no such thing as linear time before the Big Bang?

• A. Stephen Hawking

• B. Albert Einstein

• C. Carl Sagan

• D. Edwin Hubble

CHALLENGE! (BIG BANG)

• The Sun has an average ___ magnitude.

• A. Absolute

• B. Apparent

• C. Relative

• D. Convective

MAGNITUDE

• In terms of apparent magnitude, what is three times brighter than Venus?

• A. The Sun

• B. A full moon

• C. A new moon

• D. Saturn

CHALLENGE! (MAGNITUDE)

• Which of the following is NOT true about the troposphere?

• A. It is the air we breathe.

• B. It has our weather.

• C. It has the ozone layer.

• D. It is the most dense.

ATMOSPHERE

• The highest wind ever recorded on Earth (231 mph) occurred where?

• A. Mount Washington, NH

• B. Green Bay, WI

• C. New Orleans, LA

• D. Death Valley, CA

CHALLENGE! (ATMOSPHERE)

• As humidity increases…

• A. the air gets more saturated.

• B. the air gets heavier.

• C. the air gets colder.

• D. dew freezes.

HUMIDITY

• What US city gets the LEAST precipitation per year? (2.65 in)

• A. Denver, CO

• B. Yuma, AZ

• C. Cheyenne, WY

• D. Bishop, CA

CHALLENGE! (HUMIDITY)

• Carbon dioxide is NOT increased when

• A. fossil fuels are burned.

• B. biomass is burned.

• C. volcanoes erupt.

• D. the air gets humid.

POLLUTION

• What greenhouse gas is buried in Siberian ice? When the ice melts, this gas will increase global warming significantly.

• A. Nitrous oxide

• B. Water vapor

• C. Methane

• D. Propane

CHALLENGE! (POLLUTION)

• What can be determined from this station model?

• A. Wind speed

• B. Wind direction

• C. Cloud cover

• D. All of the above

WEATHER STATIONS

• What year in the US was the warmest on record and the 2nd most extreme in weather conditions?

• A. 2012

• B. 2009

• C. 1992

• D. 1906

CHALLENGE! (WEATHER STATIONS)

• Where would the coldest air be?

• A. Gold star

• B. Purple star

• C. Red star

• D. Green star

FRONTS

• In 1985, Virginia recorded its lowest temperature ever. It was

• A. -60 F

• B. -30 F

• C. -3 F

• D. Absolute zero

CHALLENGE! (FRONTS)

• Which of the following is the largest?

• A. Star system

• B. Universe

• C. Galaxy

• D. Star

SIZE

• What is my high score in bowling?

• A. 300

• B. 3000

• C. 256

• D. 255

CHALLENGE! (SIZE)