Download - Earthquake Notes
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Earthquake Notes
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Earthquakes happen in the Lithosphere (outer, rigid layer of Earth).
EARTHQUAKE-The shaking and vibrating of the earth caused by large and sudden releases of energy.
Lithosphere
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Earthquake WavesEnergy from the earthquake is
transferred through the Earth in seismic waves
2 types of Waves are generated in an earthquake:Primary (P) waves: are fastest wavesSecondary (S) waves: are slower than P
waves
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Primary Waves (P-waves)Faster waveCompresses and relaxes material as it movesForce comes from same direction as wave
movement
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Secondary Wave (S-wave)Slower waveWave moves up and down like a roller coaster
through the materialForce occurs 90 degrees (angle) from direction
of wave movement
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Focus: actual location of the earthquake (where energy is released). P and S waves originate here.
Epicenter: the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus.
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Earthquake Magnitude: a measure of the energy releaseda difference of 1.0 magnitude is
32 times greater in energy)
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tsunamis: ocean waves generated from earthquakes on the ocean floor.