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Earth’s Surface
Mr. GreathouseChapter 2.2
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Color and Streak
COLOR cannot be identified simply by looking at a mineral
Outside appearance can vary due to erosion, bacteria, or other factors.
A streak test must be conducted to tell the color of a mineral
Identifying Minerals
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STREAK: The color
left behind after a mineral is scraped across a surface
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Streak
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Luster: the way the light reflects from a
minerals surface. There are two types of luster:
Metallic (looks like metal) Nonmetallic (doesn’t look like metal)
Luster
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Luster
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Check for
understanding What is the
difference between streak and luster?
A) There is no difference
B) Streak is how shiny a mineral is, and luster is the mark a mineral leaves behind.
C) Luster is how shiny a mineral is, and streak is the mark a mineral leaves behind
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The way a mineral breaks and cracks can help
identify it. Cleavage: is the tendency of a mineral to
break along flat surfaces If minerals break along FLAT surfaces, its atoms
have WEAK bonds
Breaks, Cracks, Fractures
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Cleavage
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Fracture: the tendency of a mineral to break
into irregular pieces (curves, splinters, rough, jagged). If a mineral breaks into irregular pieces, its
atoms have STRONG bonds. There are 3 main types of fractures
Fracture
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Fractures
Conchoidal Fracture: a curved breakage that often occurs in amorphous (without shape) or fine-grained minerals. CAN happen in crystalline as well. Examples: Opal,
Quartz
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Fractures
Earthy fracture: is similar to freshly broken soil. Usually seen in soft,
loosely-bound minerals
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Fractures
Hackly fractures: jagged, sharp, and uneven. It occurs when metals are torn. Examples: copper,
silver
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Check for
understanding What is the
difference between fracture and cleavage?
A) Facture is irregular breaks and Cleavage is flat breaks
B) Cleavage is irregular breaks and Fracture is flat breaks
C) Fractures are always shorter breaks than cleavage
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Check for
understanding Which kind of break
has stronger atomic bonds?
A) Cleavage
B) Fracture
C) It is impossible to tell
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Density
Density: the amount of mass in a given volume Example:
The amount of g in a mL, or g/mL
The amount of g in a cm3, or g/cm3
When 2 objects have the same mass, the one with the smallest volume is denser
When 2 objects have the same volume, the one with most mass is denser
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Same mass- which is
more dense?
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Same volume- which
is more dense?
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Lets create a tree map with out partner (I need to see BOTH handwritings)
Our tree maps will have 7 ways to identify a mineral, so how many branches should it have?
We have gone over 5 so far, what are they? Streak Luster Cleavage Fracture Density
Include definition and examples of each
Tree Map
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Hardness: a minerals resistance to being
sctratched. Something called the Mohs scale is used to
describe a minerals hardness. A harder mineral will scratch a softer mineral. Harder minerals have stronger bonds
Hardness
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Mohs ScaleRemember talc from 2.1, and how LeBron throws it into the air?
What is the hardest substance we know of?
Which would scratch which between talc and diamond?
Which are likely to fracture?
Which is likely to cleavage?
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Some minerals have special properties
Some minerals show reactivity Other minerals have fluorescence Others display magnetism
Special Properties
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Reactivity
Remember from chemistry, some elements and compounds react with each other.
Some minerals react with acid to form bubbles (gas)
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Fluorescence
Fluorescence: a property of a mineral allowing it to emit visible light with exposed to UV light, or after being exposed to UV light.
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Magnetism
Magnetism: the ability to respond to magnetic force
Iron, nickel, magnetite are magnetic
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Finish
Finish the tree map Hardness Special
Reactivity Fluorescence Magnetism
Prepare for lab