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Ecology & Biomes
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Ecology
Def. – Interactions between organisms & the environment
Biotic factors Behavior Interaction with other species Biota – all living organisms in an environment
Abiotic factors Nonliving components – Temp., water, sunlight, wind Chemical & physical factors
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Example: Biotic Factors
Behavior is the most important factor for determining distribution of a population
Biotic factors are also important
Predators or prey may influence ability to survive
Kelp (algae) are predated by herbivorous sea urchins & limpets
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Biotic & Abiotic Factors
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Red Kangaroo distribution?
NOTE: Australia is dry in the center, wet in periphery
**Highest concentration is found in regions with low precipitation rates
**Lowest concentration is found in regions that are cold or hot, but always are wet
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Climate
Composed of 4 abiotic factors: TWSW (That’s Wat She Waid?) Temperature Water Sunlight Wind
Temperature & water = Most Important Limiting Factors (MILFs)
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Climate Patterns
2 main climate patterns Macroclimate
Global, regional or local levels Microclimate
Small-scale environmental variations Under a log Tree canopy vs. forest floor
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Biomes
Def. – the major types of ecosystems that occupy broad geographic regions
2 main Types Aquatic
Freshwater Marine
Terrestrial Forrests, grasslands, desert, etc.
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Aquatic Biomes
Vertical ZonationPhotic Zone-- Enough sunlight for photosynthesisAphotic zone-- Yep, u guessed it
Benthic zone-- Bottom of the biome-- Sand, organic sediment, and ooze (inorganic sediment)Detritus -- dead organic matter that falls from photic zone
Pelagic zone – open water
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Thermocline-- Layer of fast temperature change that separate a uniformly warm upper layer and a uniformly cold deeper layer
-- Ocean & most lakes
-- Especially seen during summer & winter
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Freshwater Biomes
Standing bodies of H2O Lakes & wetlands
Moving bodies of H2O Streams, rivers, & estuaries
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Freshwater Lakes ONLY
Littoral Zone-- Shallow & well-lit waters -- Close to shore Features rooted or floating aquatic plants
Limnetic Zone-- Deep, but well lit waters-- Far from shoreOccupied by phytoplankton &cyanobacteria
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2 Types of Lakes
Oligotrophic Normal, healthy water Nutrient-poor water Oxygen-Rich water
Eutrophic Algal blooms Nutrient-rich water Oxygen poor water
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Estuaries
Transition area between river and sea
Complex flow pattern
Low-density freshwater lies on top of high-density saltwater