Download - Economiser & Drum
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BOILER PRESSURE PARTS• COMPONENTS OF BOILER THROUGH
WHICH FEED WATER AND STEAM FLOW AND HEAT IS ADDED
• COMPONENT HEAT ADDITION
ECONOMISER 6%
DRUM NIL
WATERWALL 50%
SUPER HEATER 30%
RE HEATER 14%
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BOILER PRESSURE PARTS LOCATION
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ECONOMISER
• PRE HEATS THE FEED WATER ENTERING THE BOILER BY USING HEAT IN OUT GOING FLUE GASES– IMPROVES BOILER EFFICIENCY– REDUCE BOILER SIZE
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ECONOMISER TYPES
PLAI N TU BE FI N N ED TU BE
TU BE DESI G N
N O N STEAM I N G STEAM I N G
H EAT ADDI TI O N
I N LI N E STAG G ER ED
AR R AN G EM EN T
ECO N O M I SER
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COMPARISON OF ECONOMISER TYPES
• PLAIN TUBE– EASY ON LOAD
CLEANING
• FINNED TUBE– MORE HEAT
TRANSFER AREA IN GIVEN VOLUME
– ON LOAD CLEANING DIFFICULT
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Direction of Gas Flow Direction of Gas Flow
Inline Arrangement Staggered Arrangement
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COMPARISON OF ECONOMISER TYPES
• STAGGERED– HIGH HEAT
TRANSFER RATE DUE TO INCREASED TURBULANCE
– ON LOAD CLEANING DIFFICULT
• INLINE– EASY ON LOAD
CLEANING
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ECONOMISER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER AREA OF ECONOMISER DEPENDS ON– FEED WATER INLET TEMPERATURE– SATURATION TEMP. CORRESPONDING
TO OPERATING PRESSURE– FEED WATER FLOW RATE– GAS TEMP. REQUIRED AT THE
OUTLET OF ECONOMISER
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ECONOMISER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• TUBE DIAMETER, LENGTH AND SPACING ARE DECIDED TO ENSURE– UNIFORM WATER FLOW THROUGH
ALL TUBES WITH LOW RESISTANCE– ECONOMISER FITIN WITH THE
DESIGN OF PRCEDING SECTION – DRAUGHT LOSS IS MINIMUM– PROVISON FOR ON LOAD CLEANING
DEVICE
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LOCATION OF ECONOMISER IN A TWO PASS BOILER
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ECONOMISER COIL INSIDE BOILER
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ECONOMISER TUBE FAILURE
• OVER HEATING– STARVATION– SCALING
• CORROSION– INTERNAL– EXTERNAL
• EROSION
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ECONOMISER RE CIRCULATION
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DRUM CONSTRUCTION
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FUNCTIONS OF BOILER DRUM
• TO SEPARATE WATER AND STEAM FROM WATER STEAM MIXTURE
• MIX WATER SEPARATED WITH WATER FROM ECONOMISER AND FEED TO DOWNCOMERS
• TO FACILITATE CHEMICAL DOZING
• TO FACILITATE BLOWDOWN
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DRUM CONNECTIONS
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STEAM SEPARATION IN DRUM
• GRAVITY SEPARATION– ADOPTED FOR
LOW PRESSURES
– USE BAFFLES TO CHANGE DIRECTION OF FLOW TO SEPARATE WATER BY GRAVITY
• CENTRIFUGAL AND GRAVITY SEPARATION– ADOPTED FOR
HIGH PRESSURES
– USE TURBO SEPARATORS OR CYCLONE SEPARATORS TO IMPART CENTRIFUGAL FORCES
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GRAVITY SEPARATION USING BAFFLES
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STEAM SEPARATION USING CYCLONE SEPARATORS
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AUXILIARY CONNECTIONS TO THE BOILER DRUM
• CHEMICAL DOZING NOZZLE
• BLOWDOWN NOZZLE
• FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE
• WATER LEVEL INDICATORS
• SAFETY VALVES AND AIR VENTS
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TAPPINGS FOR VARIOUS MEASUREMENTS ON THE DRUM
• THREE PAIRS FOR REMOTE LEVEL INDICATORS
• TWO PAIRS FOR LOCAL LEVEL GAUGES• TWO PAIRS FOR CONDUCTIVITY
MEASUREMENT• TWO PAIRS FOR PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT• THREE PAIRS OF THERMAL PADS FOR
MEASURING DRUM METAL TEMPERATURE
• ONE PAIR FOR HIGH LEVEL AND LOW LEVEL TRIPS
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EFFECTS OF DRUM LEVEL VARIATIONS
• LOW LEVEL– STARVAION AND ULTIMATE FAILURE
OF WATERWALL TUBES
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EFFECTS OF DRUM LEVEL VARIATIONS
• HIGH LEVEL– AFFECTS STEAM SEPARATION– CARRY OVER OF WATER BY STEAM
• SUPER HEATERS THERMALLY STRESSED
• SCALING IN SUPER HEATERS– OVER HEATING OF SUPER HEATERS
• WATER HAMMERING IN STEAM PIPES
• PITTING ON TURBINE BLADES
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AIR VENT AND SAFETY VALVES
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