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Edison2 and the Future of the Automobile
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Or The Energy Implications of the
Very Light Car
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OrThe X Prize Is Only The
Beginning
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$10 Million Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize
• Safe, producible, clean, well-performing, 100 MPGe* vehicle
*MPG equivalent = energy contained in one gallon of gasoline (measured plug-to-wheels for EVs)
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Oliver Kuttner, Owner & FounderCharlottesville & Lynchburg Real Estate Re-developerSports Car Racing Entrepreneur
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Ron Mathis, Chief of DesignDesigner, JE4 Daytona Prototype and the American Le Mans Series Ford GTR; former Race Engineer, Audi Sports North America
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Barnaby Wainfan, Chief of AerodynamicsAerodynamics Fellow, Northrop Grumman
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Edison2 Team
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111 Teams entered the X Prize
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Only Two Cars Made the Mainstream Class Finals
• Mainstream Class: 4-passenger, 4 wheels, 200 miles+ range, 100+ MPGe
• Alternative Class: 2-passenger, 100 mile range, 100+MPGe
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Only Two Cars Made the Mainstream Class Finals
Both Edison2 Very Light Cars
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Edison2Named assuming an electric or hybrid drive was a key to efficiency.
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Energy Consumption, Weight and Regenerative BrakingIn a light car, little energy is used in acceleration, so little is available for regeneration.
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“The only two absolute virtues for an efficient car are light weight and low aerodynamic drag…everything else is a desperate compromise”Ron MathisEdison2 Chief of Design
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The Very Light Car
• < 840 lbs• Coefficient of Drag .159
Lowest ever seen at GM Aero Lab for 4 seater
• 129 MPGe (highway) in XPrize on-track testing
• Lowest greenhouse gas emissions at the Xprize
• Lowest coastdownresults at Chrysler Proving Grounds ever
• X Prize: 250 cc ICE, running on E85
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The Very Light CarLess than half the aerodynamic drag and CO2 emissions of a Toyota Prius
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Ground-Up Design
• Lesson of the X Prize: leap in efficiency cannot occur with existing platforms
• VLC: Almost all components redesigned for weight and strength
• “Light because it is light”
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Lynchburg, Virginia
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What about safety?
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Design innovations from racing underlie safety in the Very Light Car
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Shape: Aerodynamics and SafetyDiamond shape deflects impactsExternal wheelpods provide collapsible space
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Active Safety
• Top results in X Prize– Consumers Union: Double lane change,
lateral acceleration, 60 – 0 braking• Ross, An Analysis of Traffic Deaths
by Vehicle Type and Model, 2002– Some SUV’s greater rate of death than
certain small cars
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VLC: Energy Implications
• Edison2 chose an ICE for the X Prize– The energy in one gallon of gasoline (6 lbs)
= 500 lbs of batteries• Electric Vehicle Issues
– Range– Cost ($10k – 15k battery pack; life 7 years)– Infrastructure for charging– Grid issues– Source of electricity
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VLC: Energy Implications
• Low mass = fewer material inputs• Low mass: secondary benefits
– Tires, roads, brakes• Conventional materials
– Readily available, inexpensive, recyclable
– Known production methods
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VLC: Energy Implications
• Affordable– Low mass, conventional materials,
design simplicity– Autos cost $6/lb and up– Affordability key to widespread adoption
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VLC: Energy Implications
• Platform efficiency– A car that simply requires little energy– VLC: 3.5 hp to cruise at 50 mph– A new market segment
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What Next?
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Next: Refining the VLC Prototype
• Consumer-friendly• Safety features• Array of designs• Maintaining high
efficiency
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Next: Proving Safety in a Light Car
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Next: Using Our Platform with Other Energy Sources
• Energy Source Agnostic– Increased efficiency with all sources– Natural Gas, Gasoline, Diesel, Ethanol,
Electric• Solves Electric Car Issues
– Range– Cost– Weight
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Light Weight, Low Aerodynamic Drag
A Car That Uses Less Energyis
The Future of the Automobile