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Hindawi Publishing CorporationJournal of ChemistryVolume 2013, Article ID 250381, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/250381

EditorialFive-Membered Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds

Ahmad Sazali Hamzah,1 Zurina Shaameri,1 and Suleyman Goksu2

1 Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia2 Chemistry Department, University of Attartuk, 25400 Erzurum, Turkey

Correspondence should be addressed to Ahmad Sazali Hamzah; [email protected]

Received 21 November 2013; Accepted 21 November 2013

Copyright © 2013 Ahmad Sazali Hamzah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.

Five-membered nitrogen heterocycles with a pyrrolidinemoiety or pyrrolidine derivatives are often found in manybioactive molecules. Pyrrolidine, which is also known astetrahydropyrrole, is a cyclic secondary amine with a five-membered heterocycle containing carbon atoms and nitro-gen. Pyrrolidine can be prepared from 1,4-diaminobutanes bythe action of acids. Furthermore, it can act as a strong base,and it is often used in homogeneous nonaqueous reactions.

Major fractions of organic compounds isolated fromnature are comprised of nitrogen heterocycles. Such five-membered nitrogen heterocycles with a pyrrolidine ring sys-tem include nicotine, tryptamine, and vinblastine and possessconsiderable biochemical, pharmaceutical, and agriculturalimportance. These natural compounds may have hydrox-yproline, 2-pyrrolidone, streptopyrrolidine, or diphenylpro-linol rings as part of their well-defined conformations.

Apart from having significant structural features in manynaturally occurring bioactive natural products, these ringsystems can act as versatile intermediates towards the syn-thesis of more complex medicinally important compoundssuch as aniracetam, doxapram, cotinine, clausenamide, lacta-cystin, detoxine, and codonopsinine. These compounds havereceived much attention lately due to their diverse medicinalproperties such as antibacterial, antibiotics, antitumor, andcytotoxic effects.

Constructing highly functionalized heterocyclic com-pounds would seem to be essential and significant prior tofurnishing many of these biologically active natural con-stituents. Preparing enantiopure polysubstituted pyrrolidinederivatives can even be a more challenging task. A number ofstereoselective methods for the synthesis of polysubstitutedpyrrolidines have been reported in the last decade. This isdue to the fact that the demand for enantiomerically pure

drugs, agrochemicals, and food additives is rising, becausepure enantiomers are often more target specific and havefewer side effects than racemic mixtures. Furthermore, theglobal market for chiral drugs alone currently stands at USD100 billion and steadily grows at the rate of 9% per annum.

During the synthesis of a complex product consistingof several steps, it is essential for practical and economicalreasons to introduce the proper stereochemistry in an earlystage of the synthesis. This can be achieved by utilizingchiral building blocks that are enantiomerically pure andhave functionalities that allow them to be transformed in thedesired products. Nevertheless, stereocontrolled syntheticstrategies will also have to be employed to acquire the poten-tial products.

Diverse synthetic knowledge and chemical possibili-ties or transformations would be inevitably explored whenconducting research in such area. During such syntheticprocesses, novel pharmacological agents beneficial in curinghuman diseases as well as new scientific findings may wellbe generated.

Research accounts in the field of organic chemistry andsynthesis of five-membered nitrogen heterocyclic com-pounds (both aromatic and nonaromatic), as well as nat-ural products with such heterocyclic systems, submittedand accepted in this publication complement the requiredstandards and features of the journal.

The articles generally contain definitive and compre-hensive reports of significant findings obtained via originalwork in heterocyclic chemistry. Some display novel syntheticmethodology towards active heterocyclic materials whichinclude efficient route, reproducible methodology, stereospe-cific materials, high product yields, and enantiomeric excess.Some works had also reported on findings from biological

2 Journal of Chemistry

studies. Scientifically and fundamentally sound manuscriptswith sufficient scientific data and evidence are highly consid-ered.

Ahmad Sazali HamzahZurina ShaameriSuleyman Goksu

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