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Student Research Day Abstracts and Posters Office of Undergraduate Research and CreativeActivity
Fall 12-6-2017
Effects of Restrained Eating on Episodic Memoryand Implications for Homeostatic AppetiteRegulationMorgan KindelChapman University, [email protected]
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Part of the Cognition and Perception Commons, and the Cognitive Psychology Commons
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Recommended CitationKindel, Morgan, "Effects of Restrained Eating on Episodic Memory and Implications for Homeostatic Appetite Regulation" (2017).Student Research Day Abstracts and Posters. 253.http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cusrd_abstracts/253
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RecentstudiesinthefieldsofPsychologyandNeurosciencesuggestarela6onshipbetweenepisodicmemoryandappe6teregula6on.AmajorityofthesestudieshaveusedBMIasanimportantvariableinthisrela6onship,andhavefoundmildepisodicmemorydeficitstobemorelikelyinindividualswithhigherBMI’s.Thegoalofthisresearchwastodeterminewhetherrestraineddisorderedea6ng,regardlessofBMI,influencedepisodicmemoryandappe6teregula6on.Ini6ally,wepredictedthatindividualsshowingdietaryrestraintwouldshowsignsofastrongerepisodicmemory,andthereforewouldhaveweakerhungercuesandstrongersa6etycues.However,wefoundthatrestrainedeatershadasignificantlyworseepisodicmemorythanthecontrolgroup.Ourfindingsindicatethattheremaybeothercogni6ve,behavioral,orphysiologicalfactorsthatarecapableofinfluencingepisodicmemorydeficitsbesidesBMI.
• Episodicmemoryisatypeoflong-termmemorythatallowsustomentallyrevisitourpastexperiences.
• Researchsuggeststhatepisodicmemorymayplayaroleinhomeosta6cappe6teregula6onbyprovidingmemorycuesforwhentoeat(Brunstrom,Burn,Sell,Collingwood,Rogers,&Wilkinson,2012)
• Severalstudieshaveshownthatdeficitsinepisodicmemoryareassociatedwithobesityandweightgain(Davidson,Kanoski,Schier,Clegg,&Benoit,2007).
• Restrainedeatersareindividualswhointen6onallyrestricttheirdietaryintakeinordertocontroltheirweight.
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Food Non-Food
Prop
or%o
nCo
rrect
ObjectType
RestrainedControl
Figure1:Theeffectsofobjecttype(foodvs.non-food)onmeanmemoryscoreinanobjectrecogni?ontestinrestrainedandnon-restrained(control)eaters.
• Whatdoestherela6onshipbetweenepisodicmemoryandhomeosta6cappe6teregula6onlooklikeinrestrainedeaters?
• Arefoodobjects(incomparisontonon-foodobjects)abletobemoreeasily
recognizedbyrestrainedeatersthanbynon-restrainedeaters?• ArethereotherfactorsbesidesahighBodyMassIndex(BMI)thatcontributeto
episodicmemorydeficitsfoundinpreviousresearch?
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• AfactorialANCOVAwasusedtoanalyzeresultsinSPSS• Therewasamaineffectofrestrainedea6ngonmemoryperformance,inthat
restrainedeatershadasignificantlyworsememoryperformancethanthecontrolgroup(F(1,90)=13.076,p<0.0001).
• Objecttypeandea6ngstatussignificantlyinteractedtoaffectepisodicmemoryperformance(F(1,90)=6.794,p=0.011):amongrestrainedeaters,memorywassimilarforfoodandnon-foodobjects,howeverforthecontrolgroup,memorywasbeeerforfoodobjectsthannon-foodobjects.
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• Themaineffectonea6ngassessmentgroup(restrainedvs.control)suggeststhatthereareunderlyingphysiological,cogni6veorbehavioraldifferencesinrestrainedeaters,whichmay,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,impactepisodicmemory.
• Therearemanysharedquali6es,bothphysicalandcogni6ve,betweenthelowandhighBMIrestrainedeaters.
• Thereisreasontobelievethatsomeofthesesimilari6es,whichareabsentinthecontrolgroup,arecontribu6ngtoaweakerepisodicmemory.
• Episodicmemorydeficitshavebeenlinkedtodamageinthehippocampus,anareainthebrainessen6alformemoryprocessingandlongtermpoten6a6on(Harvey,Solovyova,&Irving,2006).
• Onesimilarityworthno6ngamongrestrainedeatersarelowlep6nlevels:• RegardlessofBMI,restrainedeatershavebeenshowntohavelowlevelsof
lep6n(Laessle,Tuschle,Koehaus,&Pirke,1989),duetolackofadequatedailycaloricintake(rela6vetocurrentneeds,energyexpenditure,andgene6cweightset-point).
• Referredtoasa“hungerhormone”,lep6nisknownforbeingresponsibleforregula6ngdietaryintakeandbodyweight.
• Itispossiblethatthelep6nreceptorsinthehippocampusareresponsibleforbothappe6teregula6onandepisodicmemory.Thishasbeenexemplifiedinseveralstudies,includingoneconductedbyHarveyetal.(2006),whichfoundthatmicewhoweregivendirectdosesoflep6nsignificantlyimprovedonlongtermmemory-basedtasks.
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ResearchQues6ons
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Par%cipants:N=94Design:2x2Factorial
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Brunstrom,J.,Burn,J.,Sell,N.,Collingwood,J.,Rogers,P.,&Wilkinson,L.(2012).Episodicmemoryandappe6teregula6oninhumans.PlosONE,7(12),e50707.
Davidson,T.,Kanoski,S.,Schier,L.,Clegg,D.,&Benoit,S.(2007).Apoten6alroleforthehippocampusinenergyintakeandbodyweightregula6on.CurrentOpinionInPharmacology,7(6),613-616.
Garner,D.M.,Olmsted,M.P.,Bohr,Y.,andGarfinkel,P.E.(1982).TheEa6ngAntudesTest:Psychometricfeaturesandclinicalcorrelates.PsychologicalMedicine,12,871-878.
Harvey,J.,Solovyova,N.,&Irving,A.(2006).Lep6nanditsroleinhippocampalsynap6cplas6city.ProgressinLipidResearch,45(5),369–378.
Laessle,R.,Tuschl,R.,Koehaus,B.,&Pirke,K.(1989).Behavioralandbiologicalcorrelatesofdietaryrestraintinnormallife.Appe?te,12(2),83-94.
Abstract
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Conclusion
References
Specialthankstomyfacultyadvisor,Dr.JessicaWalker,forthesupportandguidancethroughout,andtheOfficeofUndergraduateResearchandCrea6veAc6vity,foralloftheopportuni6esprovidedthroughtheSummerUndergraduateResearchFellowshipprogram.
Acknowledgments
FoodObjects Non-FoodObjects
RestrainedEatersn=36
Restrainedeaters,Foodobjects
Restrainedeaters,Non-foodobjects
Non-restrainedEaters(Control)n=58
Non-restrainedeaters,Foodobjects
Non-restrainedeatersNon-foodobjects
ObjectType
StudyObjects(food&non-
food)
DistractorTask
ObjectRecogni6onTest
Ea6ngAntudesTest(EAT-26)
RestrainedEaters
Non-restrainedEaters
Ea%ngBehavior
ObjectMemory
Test
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