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Page 1: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

1. Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments

- environments- activity- instruction models and orientations- online guidance/facilitation- elearner and elearning

2. Human relations and community questions in online education (”The soul of virtual reality”)

- experienced virtuality (7 features)- virtual personality and identity- virtual sociability, emotionality and rationality- interaction and collaboration- community

Page 2: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

E-learning environments

- email- www- software (working programs)- LMS, CMS- web 2.0/ social media

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Page 3: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

E-learning activity

- passive - active- materials, sites- possibility for individual reactions and shared interaction

- animations- dynamic materials

- asynchronous - synchronous- mainly text based communication- chats etc. virtual conferencing, virtual classrooms

- games and simulations- edutainment

- online communities, ”worlds” - facebook, second life, habbo hotel

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Page 4: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Instruction models and orientations

- Structural models

Materials Tasks Feedback

The linear structural model

Materials Tasks Feedback

The expansive structural modell

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- Semistructural model

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Materials Tasks Feedback

Participantresources Discussions

Collective output

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- Open interactive model

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Materials

Participants' knowledge and experiences

Individuals' interpretations and meanings

Dialogical process

Emergent individual and collective outputs

Usually focused on some determined themes

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- Emergent model

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Participants' knowledge, skills, attitudes and experiences

Individuals' interpretations and meanings

Dialogical process

The common interest

Emergent developing in cognitive, emotional and social knowledge and skills

Individual effects

Collective effects

The social, cultural and functional learning environment

Materials

Might be focused, but the outcome is unpredicted

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- material centred instruction- expert centred instruction- task centred instruction- interaction centred instruction- peer work centred instruction- problem centred instruction

- expert based, work based and life based learning/instruction- environment construction as teaching; curatorial teaching

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Instructional orientations

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Page 9: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Online guidance/facilitation

- successful online learning and guidance/facilitation- instructions/advises and g./f.

- technology g./f.- admistrative g./f.- social f.

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Page 10: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

pedagogical g./f.- activity g./f.- interaction g./f.- reflection g./f.

Activity g/f

Interactive g/fReflective g/f

Sensitivity to encounter

Seduction

Openness

Empathy

Presence

Sensitivity to perceive

Interest

Cognitive curiosity

Content authority

Enthusiasm

Situation sensitivity Rythm; periodical progress;sense of intervals

Initiative

Facilitationof an uniqueonline learningevent

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Facilitator roles

Tutor roles (social process)- participation tutor- interaction tutor- peer tutor

Mentor roles (content process)- gestalt mentor- idea mentor- content mentor

Responcibility trainer/educator- both tutor and mentor- responcible for the hole online course etc.

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

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Page 12: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Hijacking the facilitation (competence difficulties and challenges)

hyperactivity- ”good student”- ”question mill”- ”standing in the middle”- ”instruction factory”

isolation- to do nothing- exact and conceptual summaries- letter writing- separate notices/attentions

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Page 13: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Essence of facilitation

a) detailed and clear intructions (always when needed)

b) support of meeting each others and motivation

c) virtual presence of a facilitator

- time binded presence (feeling that my contributions are noticed at once, directly by facilitator - when neded)

- personal (emotional) presence- social presence- cognitive/expert presence

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Page 14: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Elearner and elearning

Virtual student (elearner)

Features ( Palloff-Pratt, Virtual Student)

- access to a computer and an internet, and skills to use them- open-minded about sharing personal details about their lives, work, and other educational experiences- is not hindered by the absence auditory and visual cues in the communication process- is self-motivated and self-disciplined- is willing to commit a significant amount of time to his/her studies weekly- can work collaboratively- is a critical thinker- has the ability to reflect- is flexible ( high level learning can hapen everywhare and anytime)

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Elearning styles (Palloff-Pratt, Virtual Student)

- Visual-verbal: Prefers to read information

- Visual-nonverbal or visual-spatial: Prefer working with grafics or diagrams to represent information

- Auditory-verbal or verbal-linguistic: Prefers to hear material being presented

- Tactile-kinesthetic or bodily-kinestehetic: prefers physical, ”hands-on” activity

- Logical-mathematical: Prefers reasoning, logic and number

- Interpersonal-relational: Prefers working with others

- Intrapersonal-relational: Prefers reflection and working with others

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

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Page 16: eLearning

Elearner types (virtual student types/characters)

- assimilator

- group member

- I-myself

- associater

- brainy

- beaver (away)

- organiser

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

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Page 17: eLearning

Elearning

Learning frame and elearning, Elearning as an experience, Interaction in elearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Learning frame

Personallearning frame

Educationallearning frame

To be learnd

Experiental virtuallearning; eleaner

Interaction/significancerelation

Other people

Freedom-insecurity

Unanticipative-incomplete

Participation-no-leadership

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Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, Connectivism and elearning

Emergent processes and elearning

- Abundance and diversity of participation- A social character of participation – through individual

working to multilateralism- Openness and trust as premises- Self organising management and control of emergent system- Net personalities of network actors- Authenticity and complexity of freedom and selection- Present sensitivity of teachers- Initiative, seduction and sense of intervals

Kevin Kelly: Out of Control

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Elearning

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Page 19: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Experienced virtuality

Hecticity: hectic - slow

Distance: distant - close (intimate)

Revalation: revealing - scary (to express oneself)

Partial character: fragmentary - outlined by oneself/self shaped

Unanticipation: surprising and getting ideas - frustrating

”Arrestiveness”: addictive or awaking repsession - controlled interest

”Stratification”: bedded, multi-level/burden - bedded, multi-level/effective

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Page 20: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Virtual personality and identity

Personality: - no (physical) body- no (physical) faces (especially in asychronous text based communication) -> you have to imagine other net people (to form your own mental

images of them)- no immediate emotional control- fragmentary and intuitive and associative online thinking- no personal conformity (unity)- processual personality

- what does it mean that you don´t have a body-> you are not fixed in the environment where your body exists-> it gives you a stonger possibility for flow experience-> it may make you to behave in associative manner -> you go (in net)

where your soul brings you-> in a sense you have many Is (egos); you (can) choose different

orientations, roles, even the ones you never use in face-to-face communication

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Page 21: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Identity

- mental imagery is the base of identity (not physical body)- multi-egos- in net you are always public and your every act is documented

-> public and documentary identity: demands strength and courage to be public

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Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Virtual sociability, emotionality and rationality

Sosiability:- alone-together sosiability (compared with f2f together-together sosiability)- mediated (by mental images) sosiability- individual sosiability

Emotianality:- fever/fury-frustration; interest-disinterest; sense of power-inefficiency;

- hectic-> calm; distant ->sense of contact; revealing -> courage to express; fragmentary ->sensitivity; surprising ->trust; arresting (addictive) ->enthusiasm; bedded/multi-level -> balance, effective- self control of emotions

Rationality:- fragmentary, intuitive, assosiative thinking

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Page 23: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Interaction and collaboration

Interaction:- interaction as an external event: activity with computers; no miens, gestures, poses- interaction as an activity: all normal activity - working, studing, discussion etc. (asynchronously only by text)- is based on virtual personality, identity, sosiability etc.

- dialogue is essential part of successful virtual interaction - asking, answering, thinking, assessing, valuing … together - dialogue in practice - creation of dialogue horizon - online discussion: Rheingold

Collaboration:- goal oriented prosess (compared with open interaction)

- contract concerning interaction- meeting, negoation- output

- leader and other activity and social roles- ”stuctured interaction”

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Page 24: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Community

Virtual communality

Hecticity: short and discontinuous ->reactive and passive connection

Distance: mediation, distinguishable -> observation, lurking

Revelation: revealing, documentary -> preasure to perform or express ”correctly”

Partial character: fragmentary content/behavior -> sense of caos, confusion

Unanticipation: surprising, unexpected content/behavior -> astonishment, wondering

”Arrestiveness”: seduction, inthusiasm ->absorbation, addiction

”Stratification”: overlapping, multi-level -> too abundant content/behavior

===> tendence to thin and break down the communality

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Page 25: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Strenthening of virtual communality/ tasks of moderatior/facilitator

- curative security; to work for the feeling of security (counterforce for hecticity)

- creation and maintenance of connections and intercourse (counterforce for distance)

- peer like activity and performance (counterforce for revelation)

- analysing, outlining, making summaries (counterforce for partial character)

- find, perceive, tell about developing ideas and encourage to express them (counterforce for unanticipation)

- evaluate and deepen the content on hands (counterforce for ”arrestiveness”)

- bringing both morale, poise, certainty and control, order, discipline - leadership (counterforce for ”strafication”)

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Page 26: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Phases of virtual communality

Reactive connection

Connection living in isolated contacts

Community experience with many becoming realised in individual mental images(through computer)

Connection in meetings (when met withsomeone)

Multilateral connection born in meetingsoul mates

Imagery community vanish into virtualspace, which is experienced as sharedand real with other virtual comrades(computer disappears from awareness)

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Page 27: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Dialogue in practice (Aarnio, Enquist, in finnish)

Basis of dialogue- active participation- commitment in discussions- reciprocal attitudes and reactions- open and honest expressions- respectful attitudes- no I centred intercourse (speaking/writing, listening/reading)

Dialogue dynamics- to express and accept incomplete thinking and mindsets- to build shared understanding by/on the basis of different views- to expand the thought paths by inquiring questions- to open the personal meanings of other participants by questions - to make the tacit mindsets explicit

Dialogue progress- laying participant´s thinking open to consider and question- the progress in discussion is based on perceptions, not on guesses and

illusory images- staying long enough with discussion theme before moving ahead- searching for new paths for the conversation

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Page 28: eLearning

Teaching and tutoring approaches in e-learning environments;Human realations and community questions in online education

University of Primorska, Slovenia. 3.-7.12. 2007Pekka Ihanainen; pekka.ihanainen(@)haaga-helia.fi

Creation of dialogue horizon

monologi

monologi

monologi

monologi

monologi

monologi;monologinen dialogi

monologi;monologinen dialogi

monologi;monologinen dialogi

monologi;monologinen dialogi

dialogi, pariutuminen

dialogi, ketjuuntuminendialogiryppäät

polylogifoorumit

foorumit

foorumit

polut foorumeilla

polut foorumeilla

polut foorumeilla

tiedonmuodostus

sosiaalinen koheesio elämyksellinen kokemus

älyllinen havaintoIntellectual perceptions Knowledge creation

Social cohesion

Everyday experience

Discussion forums

Threads on forums

Discussion forums

Discussion forums

Threads on forums

Threads on forums

Monologue

Monologue

Monologue

Monologue

Monologue:monologic dialogue

Monologue:monologic dialogue

Monologue:monologic dialogueMonologue:

monologic dialogue

Monologue

Dialogue, coupling

Dialogue, chainingDialogue clumps

Polylogy

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Page 29: eLearning

PLE http://www.elearningeuropa.info/files/media/media11561.pdf

http://elearningtech.blogspot.com/2007/05/personal-learning-environment-ple.html

KnowPulp http://www.knowpulp.com/english/

Open educational resources http://www.oercommons.org/

Pedagames http://www.peda.net/veraja/jao/tekninen/projektit/pedagames www.pedagames.com

Wikicampus http://www.wikicampus.fi/index.php/Etusivu

What is a blog? http://www.commoncraft.com/blogs


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