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Electricity
Ch. 11
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Electric Charge
• All matter is made of atoms• Atoms contain 2 charged particles
—what are they?
• These charges produce attractive and repulsive forces
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Electrical Force
• This is the force between 2 charged objects
• Size of the force is determined be two things:• Size of the charges involved• How close the charges are to one
another
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Electric field
• This is where the charges interact with one another
• An active area where protons are constantly being pulled together or pushed apart
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How can neutral atoms be charged?
• Atoms start with an equal number of protons and electrons
• It must gain or lose electrons to become charged
• There are three ways to accomplish this:•Friction, Conduction, and
Induction
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Charge by Friction
• Rub a balloon on your head:•What happens?
•Why?
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Charge by Conduction
• Touch a plastic ruler to a metal rod:•What happens?
•Why?
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Charge by Induction
• You rub a balloon against your head and then stick it on a wall• What happens?
• Why?
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What Produces Electrical Current?
• Electrical current is produced by electrical pressure
• Electrons push against one another from one side
• This causes a repulsive force• This pressure is referred to as
voltage
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Voltage Equation
•Potential EnergyCharge
The stronger the battery, the greater the potential energy
This equals more voltage
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Controlling Electric current
• Different electrical sources need different amounts of current
• This is controlled with resistors• These control the amount of
current that is passed from a power source to the energy source (light, appliance, etc.)
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Ohm’s Law
• States the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance
• Current = VoltageResistance
*Current is proportional to voltage*And is inversely related to resistance
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What does this mean?
1. The higher the voltage, the larger the current and vice versa
2. The greater the resistance the smaller the current
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Sample Problem
• How much current flows through a lamp with a resistance of 60 ohms when the voltage across the lamp is 12 Volts?
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Algebra Anyone?
• What is the resistance of an electric frying pan that draws a current of 12 amps when connected to a 120 volt circuit?
• (HINT: Use the same equation, but solve for a different variable. You must get resistance by itself.)