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ElectricityElectricityElectricityElectricity
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What do atoms contain?
•Charged particles
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What charge does a proton have?
•Positive
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What charge does an electron have?
•Negative
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What charge is an atom with more electrons
than protons?
•Negative Charge
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What do atoms with opposite charges
do?
•Attract each other
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Where are electrons located?
•Moving around the outside of the nucleus
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What is a neutral atom?
•The number of protons equals the number of electrons. NO CHARGE
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What if the number of protons and
neutrons are not equal?
•Then there will be some kind of charge.
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What does the movement of
electrons produce?
•Produces electricity
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What is a form of energy produced by moving
electrons, also known as electrical energy?
•Electricity
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What is electricity used for?
• Run lights in homes, schools, offices, street and traffic lights
• Toaster and electric ovens produce heat from electricity
• Homes are heated by electricity• Radios
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What are the four types of energy can electricity
change into? Give examples.
• Light Energy• Mechanical Energy• Heat Energy• Sound Energy
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What is a magnet made by coiling a wire around a piece
of iron and running electricity through the wire?
•electromagnet
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How does electricity make magnetism?
•When electricity flows through a wire, it makes a magnetic field around the wire.
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When can electromagnets be
very useful?
•They can be turned on and off
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Where else can electromagnets be used?
•Hold heavy fire doors open•For cranes in steel recycling centers
•Lift metal objects off of ships
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What are the two main parts of a
motor?
•The coil of wire and a magnet
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How is an electric motor like an electric generator?
•They both involve a spinning coil
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How is an electric motor different from an
electric generator?
•The electric generator=Turns spinning motion (mechanical energy) into electricity
•The electric motor=Turns electricity into a spinning motion
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What is the buildup of charges when the number of protons and electrons are no longer
equal?
•Static electricity
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Why do clothes stick together when you pull them out of a
dryer? •When clothes are in the dryer
and rub together, some have a positive and some have a negative charge.
•This causes them to stick together.
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What is the shock you feel when you pull off a
sweater?
•Static discharge
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Why is there a static discharge?
• This is when electrons are moving around to try and balance out the charges and make them neutral.
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How does lightning have a static discharge?
• Collisions between water droplets in a cloud cause the drops to become charged.
• Negative=Bottom• Positive=Top• Electrons jump causing lightning
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What causes thunder?
•The lightning heats the air, causing it to expand. As cooler air rushes in to fill the empty space, you hear thunder.
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How is static electricity considered potential
energy?
•Energy is stored and a static charge builds up.
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Why isn’t a static discharge a good energy source since it
is kinetic energy?
•A very short burst
•There needs to be a steady flow of electrons.
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When electrons have a path to follow, they will move in a
steady flow instead of building up a static
discharge. This is known as?
•Electric Current
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Electricity that is a kind of kinetic energy as stated
above is considered?
•Current Electricity
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What is needed to keep currents
flowing?
•A constant supply of electrons is needed.
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What is electrical pressure known
as?
•Volts
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How many volts can one lightning strike have?
•1 billion volts of electricity
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What is the rate at which electric current flows
measured in?
•Amps
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What do we call the measure of electric energy used by an
electric device every second?
•Watts
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Since watts are very small units, what is electrical
use measure in?
•kilowatts
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How many watts is one kilowatt?
•One kilowatt = 1,000 watts
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What should wires with electricity flowing
through them have on them and why?
•Plastic around wire to work as an insulator against the electrical current
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What is the path an electric current follows?
•Electric circuit
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What two things does an electric circuit need
for a current to flow?
1.Needs a source of current, or electrons
2.Circuit has to be complete
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What if there is a break in the circuit?
•The current will not flow.
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What happens when a circuit is on?
•The circuit is complete•Lights come on
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What happens when a circuit is off?
•Breaks the flow of current
•Light goes out
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What circuit has only one path to
follow?
•Series Circuit
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What will happen if you remove any part of a
series circuit?
•Breaks the circuit, and current stops flowing
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What would it be like to have series circuits at
home?
• All electric devices would have to be switched on all the time
• If you unplugged a radio, all the lights in your home would go out!
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When was series circuits used?
•Light signs, scoreboards, string of Christmas lights
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What circuit is more convenient because it has more than one path for currents to
follow?
•Parallel circuit
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Give some examples of parallel circuits.
•You are able to turn certain items off and on without turning everything in a building off and on
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Why does parallel circuits have a huge
advantage over series circuits?
• If one appliance is turned off, the others stay on.
• You can connect more devices by using a parallel circuit.
• In a series circuit, lights will become dimmer if too many lights are added.
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What do engineers have to do when they are designing a
new design for a building or item?
•Draw diagrams
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What is shown in a simple series circuit
diagram?
•Light bulb and a battery
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What is shown in the circuit diagram of car
electrical circuits?
•Many different symbols and wires