Download - Electrolytes
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Electrolytes
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Electrolytes
Are substances that form positive(+) and
negative (-) ions in water
Conduct an electric current
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Electrolytes in the Body
Carry messages send to and from the brain
as electrical signals
Maintain cellular function with the correct
concentrations electrolytes
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Strong Electrolytes are 100% ionized
salts H2O 100%ions
NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
H2O
CaBr2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2Br- (aq)
acids H2O
HCl(g) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
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Weak electrolytes
Most of the solute exists as molecules in solution
Only a few solute particles produce ions
HF + H2O H3O+(aq) + F- (aq)
acid
NH3 + H2O NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq)
base
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Classification of electrolytes
1.1. AcidsAcids Binary acids
Ternary acids (oxyacids)
Thioacids
Monoprotic acids
Polyprotic acids
Strong acids
Weak acids
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2.2. BasesBases Monovalent
Polyvalent
Strong
Weak
Basic oxides – base anhydrides
Oxides of metals
3.3. SaltsSalts Strong electrolytes!!!
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Important Facts
HCl, HNO3 – strong acids
100% dissociation (no equilibrium, no K) HCl H+ + Cl–
0%HCl, 100% H+, 100% Cl–
H+ is a proton, a subatomic particle and does not exist alone in solution
Really H+ + H2O H3O+ (hydronium ion)
HNO3 + H2O NO3– + H3O+
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Strong electrolytes weak electrolytes
conc. of ionic form
total concentration =
≤1
Degree of dissociation:
Strong electrolyte: 1
Weak electrolyte: < 0.5
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_ +
H
H
H+H
H HH
H H
OO O
O
Cl-
+_
Conductivity of electrolytes
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+Na+OH- H O H
H
O
H
H
O
H
H
O
H
Conductivity = 1 ( = resistance)
1 cm
1 cm
V = 1 cm3
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= specific conductivity
cc.
NaCl
NH4Cl
H2SO4
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Equivalent conductivity:
Conductivity of equivalent amount of electrolyte
= V
V = equivalent dilution in cm3
inf =
v
v = inf =
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cc. ( )
400
300
200
100
10 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5
Strong acid
Weak acid Weak base
Strong base
Salt