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Importance of robotics
The concept and creation of machines that could operateautonomously dates back toclassical times, but researchinto the functionality andpotential uses of robots didnot grow substantially untilthe 20th century. Today,
robotics is a rapidly growingfield, as we continue toresearch, design, and buildnew robots that servevarious practical purposes,whether domestically,commercially, or militarily.Many robots do jobs that arehazardous to people such asdefusing bombs, exploringshipwrecks, and mines.
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Some of the robots we have today:
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Industrial robots
Robots exhibit varying degrees of autonomy:Some robots are programmed tofaithfully carry out specific actionsover and over again (repetitiveactions) without variation andwith a high degree of accuracy.These actions are determined byprogrammed routines thatspecify the direction,acceleration, velocity,deceleration, and distance of aseries of coordinated motions.Other robots are much moreflexible as to the orientation of the object on which they areoperating or even the task thathas to be performed on theobject itself, which the robot mayeven need to identify. Forexample, for more preciseguidance, robots often containmachine vision sub-systemsacting as their "eyes", linked topowerful computers orcontrollers. Artificial intelligenceor what passes for it, is becoming
an increasingly important factorin the modern industrial robot.
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The humanoidrobot robo nova
Robo nova ishumanoidrobot, that can
move its armsand legs in allpossible
degrees. its acomputeroperated robot.
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Segwaythe human carrier
Segway is a twowheeled self balancing robot
that can be usedby a man totravel for short
distances.
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Kismet the humaninteraction robot
kismet is a humaninteraction robot thatcan interact withpeople.it can produce
a variety of facialexpression,gestures,artifical emotions.it canalso recognize voiceusing voicerecognition sofware.
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ResistorsResistors are are usedto obstruct the flow of current.
Here are two types of
resistors: Surface mountresistor:
can be mounted on a
electrical circuit hole resistor:
can be inserted intoholes on a circuit chip
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BatteryA battery is aportable type of power supply
that uses cells tostore electricalcharge.cells can
be used indifferent ordersto producespecific voltagelevels.
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switchA simple switch isused to open or closea circuit. this type of switch is a
momentary buttonswitch closes thecircuit when thebutton is pushed.uponreleasing the buttonthe circuit will be openagain.these are usedfor low powerapplications.
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LED(light emittingdiode)
LED are mostcommonly used inelectronic circuitsas indicator lightsbecause theyconsume littlecurrent,last for
longer time,verybright for smallsize.
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Variableresistor(potentiometer)
A variable resistor uses awiper mechanism to slide a
contactor across a plane of linear variable resistance.
Typically, there are three pinson a potentiometer and theouter two
are connected to +5v andGND (in either order),whereas the center tab
is the variable analog voltage
output of the potentiometer the center
tab should be connected tothe input , or other control
circuitry.
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Transistor switchNPNA transistor is the simplesttype of digital
switch. There are severaldifferent variations of transistors, but we use
only BJT and Mosfet types.The BJT is commonly used asa high-frequency, low-powerelectronic
switch that is easily controlled. The N-type transistor
is considered a low-sideswitch that is often used inconjunction with
P-type transistors.
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Transistor switchPNP
The PNP transistor issimilar to the NPNtype,
but it can be used only
as a high-side switch.By combining PNP andNPN transistorstogether, you cancreate an
amplifying circuit orsignal buffer
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CapacitorA capacitor is a device thatcan hold a specific amountof
electrical charge, used tosupply current to the rest
of the circuit orabsorb voltage spikes forsignal smoothing. Youshould always select acapacitor with a
voltage rating that is atleast 10v higher than thesystem operating
voltage. Exceeding thevoltage limit results in an
exploding capacitor!
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Ceramic resonator
This ceramicresonator takesthe place of a
crystaland twocapacitors,
because it hastwo capacitorsbuilt-in.
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Motor
This symbol usuallyindicates a standard two-wire DC motor.
This DC motor with gear-box attached is a small
hobby type motor thatcan be used in a roboticproject. There are typicallytwo wires used to
operate this type of motor,
where reversing thepolarity to the wires will
reverse the direction of themotor output shaft.
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Voltageregulator
voltageregulator chip isuseful to
convert any DCvoltage inputinto a regulated
output.
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ANY QUERIES OR SUGGESTIONS ARE AWELCOME.MY MAIL ID: [email protected]
These are the basic electrical and
electronic components whichcan be seen in any typical robot.
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Thank u