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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Multiscale Map Design
Design Highlights
Cynthia A. Brewer, Pennsylvania State University
Research Collaborators:
Barbara P. Buttenfield, Univ. of Colorado-Boulder
E. Lynn Usery, USGS/CEGIS
Lawrence V. Stanislawski, USGS/CEGIS
Penn State Research Assistants:
Chelsea Hanchett
Stephen Butzler, Paulo Raposo, Andrew Stauffer, Wesley Stroh
19 slides
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Systematic color categories for symbols
Rd
YG
Pu Cy
Bu
Or
Yl
Gntransportation
built-up areas
wooded areas
forest reserves
parks
hydrography
points:
emergency
hospitals
schools
Gy
boundaries
Br
Human themes: Natural themes:admin reserves
hillshade
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Systematic color categories for symbols
Rd
YG
Pu Cy
Bu
Or
Yl
Gntransportation
built-up areas
wooded areas
forest reserves
parks
hydrography
points:
emergency
hospitals
schools
Gy
boundaries
Br
Human themes: Natural themes:admin reserves
hillshade
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Color contrasts
• Red roads vs brown contours hard to distinguish –
use gray contours
• All colors lighter than black labels – few halos
• This is not a road map – do not use whole contrast
range on road categories
• Leave contrast available for update
and overlay of operational information
– magenta could be used for additions if no magenta symbols
• Contrasting outlines on point symbols separate from
each other and background
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90K
24K
Multiscale durability:
good point overlaps
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Halos and casings
- Dull greenish brown
halo on contour labels
- Slightly blue halo on
hydro labels
- Slightly beige casing
on local roads
- Slightly gray fill in
road shields
- Slightly gray drop
shadow on populated
place names
Other labels dark
enough to read over
content
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Geoprocessing for map design
• Contour cracking for faster drawing
• Polygon-to-line for dashed lines
• Dissolve on attribute to join small segments (e.g., roads)
• Pair layers with version not symbolized for labels with
different classes (e.g., flowlines, admin areas, populated
places)
• Flowline upstream drainage area (UDA) calculated for
stream tapering
• Smooth DEM first to create generalized contours and
hillshade for terrain
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
HydrographyMO 1:50K
Tapered by symbolizing upstream drainage area
(stream order or length not useful)
Intermittent and perennial symbolized
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Stream tapering
Width
(pts) RGB
lighter
0.38 100,180,200
0.75 100,180,200
med blue
1.13 50,165,200
1.50 50,165,200
darker
1.88 0,150,200
2.25 0,150,200
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Viet Nam
Brazil Botswana
Japan
Examples of international topo maps using
stream tapering
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Hydro generalization
• Hydro generalization work continues, by babs
Buttenfield, Chris Anderson Tarver (CU Boulder)
and Larry Stanislawski (CEGIS)
• Creating Level of Detail (LoD) databases that include
pruning, simplification, collapse, aggregation, smoothing,
etc. to suit a set range of scales (~50-200K, ~200-800K)
• Not focus of this talk
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Missouri series with
data from
The National Map
– 24K map
ArcGIS to JPEG to screen capture
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Missouri, 50K map with 24K hydro
Missouri
50K map with
24K hydro
13
2
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Missouri, 50K map with 50K LoD
Missouri
50K map with
50K LoD hydro
Visual evaluation
of hydro in map
context
13
2
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Terrain
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Multicolor hillshade with transparency
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
CO: 24K
50 ft. contour interval
DEM smoothed at r=3
Contours and hillshade through scale
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Contours and hillshade through scale
CO: 50K
100 ft. contour interval
DEM smoothed at r=3
24K Terrain at 50K
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C. Brewer, NationalMapping.us
Contours and hillshade through scale
CO: 150K
200 ft. contour interval
DEM smoothed at r=15
hillshade
DEM smoothed at r=3