![Page 1: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Electrostatics
(aka
“Static Electricity”)
![Page 2: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Electrostatics?
• Electrostatics is
the study of the
behavior of
stationary
charged objects.
![Page 3: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
It’s all about the electrons (in constant,
random motion around the nucleus) and
protons (stuck in the nucleus)
Negative
Electron
Nucleus:
positive
protons &
neutral
neutrons
![Page 4: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Atom & its particles…• Electrons are negatively charged particles
moving around the nucleus (in orbitals)
• electron = e-
• Protons are positively charged particles
located inside the nucleus (w/the neutral
neutrons)
• proton = p+
• Electrons are able to be stripped off an
atom (friction: fur & pvc pipe)
• Protons are NOT able to leave an atom
because they’re stuck in the nucleus!
![Page 5: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types of Materials
1. Conductor: a material that transfers charge easily (ex. Metals: gold, silver, copper).
2. Insulator: a material that does not transfer charge easily (ex. Plastics, glass, cork)
3. Semiconductors: somewhere between 1 & 2 (ex. Silicon, carbon, germanium).
4. Superconductors: some metals become perfect conductors below certain temperatures
5. Train Conductor: a person who drives a train.
![Page 7: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Law of Conservation
of Electrical Charge• Electrons may be
transferred from one
object to another, but
they will never disappear
or appear from nowhere.
• Electron abundant
= negative charge
• Electron deficient =
positive charge
![Page 8: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Electrically charged objects...• Exert a force on each other
• Unlike charges attract
• Like charges repel
![Page 9: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
There are
four methods
to charge an
object:
![Page 10: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. Charging by Friction
• using friction to remove electrons from one
object and placing them on the other object.
Result: two objects with opposite charge• Walk across carpeted floor with wool socks and you can build up an excess
of charge (either on you or the carpet) and therefore, become charged.
• Fur becomes positively charged. Why?
• Rod becomes negatively charged. Why?
• Can use friction to remove electrons from fur and deposit onto rod.
![Page 11: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. Charging by Contact (or
Conduction)
• The process of giving
one object a net
electric charge by
placing it in contact
w/another object that is
already charged is
known as charging by
contact.
• Result: two objects with
same charge
![Page 12: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3. Temporarily Charging by Induction
• An object may become
polarized (opposite ends)
while a charged object is
brought near. But, the
overall charge on this piece
of plastic (for example) is
neutral.
• Result: two objects with
opposite charge temporarily
• When the charged rod goes
away, the electrons
rearrange and disperse
evenly. Object is still
neutral.
![Page 14: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
4. Permanently Charging by Induction
• The process of giving one object a net electric
charge without touching the object to a second
charged object is called charging by induction.
![Page 15: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Permanently Charging
by InductionPolarization
![Page 16: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
5. Credit Card Charging:
• You may use Visa, Master Card, or
American Express
• Result: Debt from high interest rates!
![Page 17: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Check out these animations!
• http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.p
hp?sim=John_Travoltage
• http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.p
hp?sim=Balloons_and_Static_Electricity
![Page 20: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Van de Graaf
Generator
![Page 21: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Electric Fields• What is an electric field?
• A region of space where a charge exerts a force on other charged objects. This field extends outward and permeates all of space.
• Direction of Electric Field = Direction of Force the field produces on a positive charge in the field.
• In comparison: What is a gravitational field?
• How to measure an electric field: Using a SMALL POSITIVE test charge, move it around a charged object (that is creating an Electric Field) and the magnitude and direction of force acting on the small positive test charge is measured.
• The strength of the field is measured based on the force on the test charge.
![Page 23: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• F = The force felt by (acting on) the test charge, q, due to the point charge’s electric field. (N)
• q = the charge of the test charge. (C)
• E = Electric Field Strength. (N/C) (Direction is based on imagining a small positive charge in the field.)
• The Electric Field (E) at a given spot can exert a variety of forces, depending on the magnitude of the test charge placed there.
• E = F/q = F/q = F/q• E is constant for that particular point charge at a
given location (the Point Charge is the charge whose field is being tested… the point charge is creating the Electric Field. )
q
FE
qon
....
q
FE
![Page 24: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Compare
• Compare the electric field equation to the one we
used to measure Earth’s gravitational field
strength:
• So, Electric Fields are measured in N/C and are
a measure of the force felt by a small positive
test charge. (The test charge must be small in
charge so that we can ignore its electric field.)
m
Fa
q
FE
![Page 25: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Electric fields: Man holding point charge, girl
holding test charge.
![Page 26: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Electrostatics - West Linn-Wilsonville School · PDF fileElectrostatics (aka “Static Electricity”) What is Electrostatics? • Electrostatics is the study of the behavior of stationary](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030420/5aa71c367f8b9ab8228bd11a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Must click on 2nd link!
• http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.p
hp?sim=Electric_Field_Hockey
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.ph
p?sim=Charges_and_Fields
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.ph
p?sim=Electric_Field_of_Dreams