Download - Elementary Statistics Picturing the World
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Elementary StatisticsPicturing the World
Data Classification
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements Qualitative data – consist of values that
describe qualities or non-numerical (i.e. brand names, letter grades, area codes, social security numbers, gender)
Quantitative data – consist of values representing counts or measurements with which you can make meaningful calculations (i.e. IQ scores, percentage grades, price of cars)
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Four Levels of Measurement: Nominal – data consisting of names, labels, or categories
only. The data are qualitative and can not be ranked or ordered
Ordinal – qualitative or quantitative data that can be arranged in some order. It generally does not make sense to do computations with ordinal data.
Interval – quantitative data which intervals are meaningful, but ratios are not. Data at this level have an arbitrary zero point.
Ratio – quantitative data which both intervals and ratios are meaningful. Data at this level have a true zero point.
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Four Levels of Measurement: Nominal – Flavors, gender, type of car you drive,
occupation, social security numbers
Ordinal – Movie ratings ( 3 stars vs. 2 stars), BCS College Football Rankings, the order of runners finishing a race
Interval – temperature (55 degrees is more than 11 degrees, but 55 degrees is not necessarily 5 times hotter than 11 degrees because 0 does not represent no temperature)
Ratio – distances (10 miles is twice 5 miles, and 0 miles means no distance), salary, age
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Eye color on a dating survey?
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Scores on a multiple choice exam?
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Flavors of ice cream?
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
College majors?
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Weights of trucks?
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Incomes of college graduates?
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
The numbers on the shirts of a girl’s soccer team?
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
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definite order
1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Student rankings of cafeteria food: excellent, good, fair, poor?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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true zero point
1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Weights of wrestlers?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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because dates have no meaningful ratios and zero does not represent beginning of time
1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Calendar years of historic events, such as 1776, 1945, 2001?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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no ordering
1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Numbers on uniforms?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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because temperature has no meaningful ratios and zero degrees does not mean “no heat”
1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Temperatures on the Celsius scale?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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true zero point
1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Runner’s times in the Boston Marathon?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Data that can be classified according to color?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
The final grades (A, B, C, D, and F) for students in a Probability & Statistics course?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
A list of Zip Codes?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
The daily temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) on five randomly selected days are 22, 21, 31, 36, 21?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
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1.2 Data Types and Levels of Measurements
Social Security Numbers?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio