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Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Aim: To discuss the properties of different forms of matter, their phases and to draw particle diagrams.
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What is an atom?
Atom: The smallest part of any element that retains all of the physical and chemical properties of that element
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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
SUBSTANCES
ELEMENTSand
COMPOUNDS
HOMOGENEOUSand
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURES
Composition is variable.
Composition is in fixed proportions
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SubstancesElements : made of ONE TYPE of atom with their own unique properties.
PropertiesElements CANNOT be broken down chemically or physically.
Diatomic Element-Found only combined in nature with itself or in compounds.
Monatomic Element-Found alone in nature-Stable and inert (unreactive)
Reactions of Chlorine
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SubstancesCompounds: two or more different atoms CHEMICALLY combined (attached with bonds) in a fixed proportion.
PropertiesCompounds CAN BE broken DOWN with a chemical reaction
Ternary Compound3 or more different types of atoms chemically bonded.
Examples:
Binary Compound2 different types of atoms chemically bonded.
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Ternary Compounds
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Substances
Sodium metal + Chlorine gas Sodium chloride
When a compound forms, the reactants LOSE their original properties and form NEW properties.
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Mixture: any two or more different substances physically combined. Mixtures are EASILY separated by physical means.
Ex: Salt water
The substances in a mixture maintain their chemical and physical properties.
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Substances will exist in the three states of matter at varying temperatures.
Solid (s): ex. CO2 (s), dry ice.-Particles vibrate in a fixed regular geometric pattern.-Definite shape and volume-Have a crystal lattice structure.
Liquid (l): ex. H2O (l) -Loosely packed particles that glide fluidly past each other. -Indefinite shape, definite volume.-Hard to compress because particles are still very close.
Gas (g): ex. O2 (g)-Particles that move in constant, random, straight-line motion. -Indefinite shape, indefinite volume-LARGE amount of space between particles.
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Particle Diagrams
Aim: To represent the different forms of matter using particle diagrams.
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SUBSTANCES MIXTURES
One type of element
One type of compound
Mixture of elements
Mixture of compounds and elements
Mixture of compounds
PARTICLE DIAGRAMS
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• Please label each of the following as a substance or a mixture
of substances.
• Please identify what substances are in the box as either an
element; diatomic or monatomic. Or a compound; binary or
ternary.
DO NOW
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Predicting the Phase of Matter
To determine the phase of matter:• Identify the current temperature for the state of matter.
• Compare this temperature to the melting point and boiling point of the substance.
• Temperature lower than MP ; phase= solid
• Temperature between MP and BP; phase= liquid
• Temperature above MP and BP; phase= gas
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Allotrope: two forms of the same element with different physical and chemical properties.
Allotropes have a different structural arrangement of atoms.
Element Properties