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Elements of an Effective Substance Abuse Treatment Model for Offenders
Part 5: Adjunctive Services
Presentation to Caribbean CICAD membersSt. Lucia
November, 2004
Elements of an Effective Substance Abuse Treatment Model for Offenders
Part 5: Adjunctive Services
Presentation to Caribbean CICAD membersSt. Lucia
November, 2004
Correctional Service of Canada
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Adjunctive ServicesAdjunctive Services
As discussed previously, offenders typically have multiple need areas
Model adopted by the Correctional Service of Canada is to address these multiple needs through multiple interventions and programs
Intake assessment determines need areas and assists in prioritizing interventions
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Step 1: Needs AssessmentStep 1: Needs Assessment
First step in determining most appropriate adjunctive services is a needs assessment of the target population
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Profile – Canadian Federal OffendersProfile – Canadian Federal Offenders
Education Deficits - 70% of offenders test below grade 8 (CAAT)
Employment Problems - 74% have unstable job histories. 69% are unemployed at arrest
Decision Making Problems - 80% are poor problem solvers. Many have difficulties managing money
Mental Health Problems - 20% have been hospitalized in a mental health facility. 11% have a current psychiatric diagnosis
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Infectious Diseases (2003)Infectious Diseases (2003)
In CSC prisons, the prevalence of:
HIV is 7 to 10 times higher
Hepatitis C is 30 times higher than the general Canadian population
CSC Canada
HIV 1.9%(N=227)
0.2%
HCV 26%(N=3167)
0.9%
Federal Prison vs. GeneralPopulation in Canada*
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Step 2: Assessment of NeedsStep 2: Assessment of Needs
Once need areas are identified in the population, important to have mechanism to assess and prioritize those needs
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Needs Assessment – CSCOffender Intake Assessment
Process
Needs Assessment – CSCOffender Intake Assessment
Process
Timing - during offender intake
Includes: a complete profile of the offender’s
criminal and social history Rating of static factors related to
criminal re-offending Prioritized listing of dynamic factors
related to reducing risk of re-offending Sentence-wide Correctional Plan Security classification and initial
placement recommendation
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Offender Intake AssessmentSupplementary Assessments
(as required)
Offender Intake AssessmentSupplementary Assessments
(as required)
Psychological assessments Substance Abuse assessments Educational and vocational
assessments Family violence assessments Sex offender assessments Assessment for Methadone
Maintenance Treatment
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Step 3: Planning ServicesStep 3: Planning Services
Need to determine how to deliver adjunctive services
Establishment of “in-house” services or engagement of community resources
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Examples of Adjunctive ServicesExamples of Adjunctive Services
Drug-Free living environments Gender-specific services HIV/AIDS testing and education Life skills development Academic development Employment skills
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Drug-Free Living EnvironmentsDrug-Free Living Environments
Main goal: to provide a positive living environment for offenders who wish to remain free of alcohol and drugs and to support and reinforce offender efforts to change substance abuse behaviour
Different models for implementation – program vs. living environment
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Correctional Service of Canada Intensive Support Units (ISUs)Correctional Service of Canada Intensive Support Units (ISUs)
Drug-free living environment
Voluntary - offenders sign contract
Access available to both offenders who have substance abuse problems as well as those who do not
Automatic removal for violation of Unit’s drug-free policy. Offenders can apply for re-entry after 30 day period
NOT a program - encourages offenders to participate in programs identified in their Correctional Plan
Access to Unit by non-residents can be controlled and monitored
Additional security controls to monitor adherence to drug-free unit rules
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Intensive Support Units (ISUs)Intensive Support Units (ISUs)
Initiative began with 5 pilot sites in February, 2000
Currently have approximately 1,300 ISU beds nationally in 47 institutions
Preliminary research has yielded positive results on the impact of the ISU
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Gender-Specific ServicesGender-Specific Services
Responsivity factor – women offenders have some unique needs in terms of services required
In CSC, have a separate stream of programs for women (e.g., Women Offender Substance Abuse Program (WOSAP)
Not feasible in jurisdictions where the number of women offenders is extremely low
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HIV/AIDS Testing and EducationHIV/AIDS Testing and Education
Testing for infectious diseases – legislative restrictions
In CSC, have voluntary testing program for offenders
Also pilot with public health for anonymous testing
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HIV/AIDS Testing and Education (cont.)
HIV/AIDS Testing and Education (cont.)
Methods of Education:
Awareness programs
Pamphlets, brochures
Peer education counselling
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Life Skills DevelopmentLife Skills Development
Can include programming in such areas as problem solving, anger and emotions management, leisure skills, parenting skills, and skills for functioning in the community (e.g., money management)
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Education ProgramsEducation Programs
In CSC the following education programs are available at all institutions:• Adult Basic Education (Grades 1 to
10)• Secondary Education• Vocational Education• Post-Secondary Education
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Vocational Education - ExamplesVocational Education - Examples
Agriculture Welding and metal trades Hairdressing Small engine repair Auto mechanics Electronics Carpentry and cabinet-making Plumbing Computer programming
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Employability ProgramsEmployability Programs
“on-the-job training”, usually with some kind of certification provided
Employment and career planning programs – problem solving, critical thinking, punctuality, interacting with coworkers, dealing with authourity figures
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Questions and Comments