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Elements of Design!
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Good Design Equation…
• Elements
▫ Line
▫ Shape
▫ Space
▫ Texture
▫ Color
• Principles
▫ Balance
▫ Proportion
▫ Emphasis
▫ Rhythm
▫ Harmony
+ = Good Design!
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A series of points connected to form a narrow path
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Vertical Lines
• Leads the eyes up and down
• Gives illusion of more height and less width, resulting in a taller, thinner look
• Gives the feeling of strength, dignity, and formality
• Includes:
▫ Narrow panels
▫ Raised collars
▫ V-necklines
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Horizontal Lines
• Leads the eyes from side to side
• Gives the illusion of width, resulting in a short, wider look
• Gives a feeling of stability and restfulness
• Includes:
▫ Two-piece outfits
▫ Contrasting belts
▫ Large pockets
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Diagonal Lines
• Add movement or excitement to clothing
• Extent of effect depends on whether it is mostly vertical or horizontal
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Zigzag Lines
• Lines that lead the eyes in different directions
• Gives the feeling of excitement, drama, and sometimes chaos
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Curved Lines
• Circular or waved lines
• Gives the feeling of movement
• Includes necklines, lapels, ruffles, and scalloped edges
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The outline that forms when one or more lines come together to enclose an area (also known as a silhouette).
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Tubular
• A rectangular shape with vertical emphasis
• Dominant lines go up and down• NO defined waistline• Appears to add height of
thinness• Includes:
▫ T-shirt dresses▫ Straight-legged pants▫ Tailored business suits
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Natural
• Follows the body’s outline
• Fits close to the body
• Emphasizes the body’s natural waistline
• Includes:
▫ Tank tops
▫ Jeans
▫ T-shirts
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Bell
• Diagonal and horizontal lines combine in the silhouette of a bell
• Appears to cut height and add contour to a body
• Includes:
▫ A-line skirts and dresses
▫ Flared pants
▫ Jackets
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Full
• Has horizontal and curved lines
• Makes the body look larger that it actually is
• Includes:
▫ Gathered skirts and dresses
▫ Full sleeves
▫ Pants with wide legs
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The area inside a shape/silhouette
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Structural Lines
• Formed by sewing different parts of a garment together
• Includes:
▫ Seams
▫ Darts
▫ Gathers
▫ Pleats
▫ Necklines
▫ Hems
*NO buttons!
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Decorative Lines
• Created by adding trim to a garment
• Includes:
▫ Lace
▫ Braid
▫ Edgings
▫ Buttons
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The surface characteristics that determine the look and feel of an object.
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Soft and Clingy Fabrics
• Hugs the body and emphasizes figure irregularities
• Includes:
▫ Jersey
▫ Chiffon
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Moderately Crisp Fabrics
• Stands away from the body just enough to conceal body shapes
• Can add size
• Includes:
▫ Corduroy
▫ Denim
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Extra-Crisp Fabrics
• Creates a firm outer shell
• Makes the body seem larger
• Includes:
▫ Taffeta
▫ Vinyl
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Smooth Fabrics with a Dull Finish
• Do not seem to create illusions about size and shape
• Include:
▫ Flannel
▫ Broadcloth
▫ Gabardine
▫ Wool jersey
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Nubby and Bulky Fabrics
• Typically adds dimension
• Makes a person appear larger
• Sometimes hides features
• Includes:▫ Wide-wale corduroy▫ Mohair▫ Heavy tweeds
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Dull Fabrics
• Absorbs light
• Makes the figure look smaller
• Includes:
▫ Flannel
▫ Denim
▫ Gingham
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Shiny Fabrics
• Reflects light
• Gives the impression of added size
• Includes:
▫ Polished cotton
▫ Satin
▫ Nylon
▫ Vinyl
▫ Sequined/metallic fabric