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Application Guide
Rev.Date Rev. Document no.
04.10.2002 BPrepared by Approved by
Kjetil Alvestad Johnny Henriksen
Embedded IP router in Nera SDH radio
Copyright 2002 Nera Networks ASEmbedded IP router Example Rev B.doc Page 1(16)
Embedded IP router in Nera SDH radio
OSPF Network Example
Subject:
Configuration of embedded CityLink and InterLink IP router. OSPF network examples.
DOCUMENT HISTORY
Version Date Changes
A 26-09-02 First issue
B 04-10-02 Added InterLink
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1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 OSPF Routing..................................................................................................................... 31.2 Software Requirements ...................................................................................................... 31.2.1 CityLink.............................................................................................................................. 31.2.2 NEW-NMS......................................................................................................................... 3
2. MANAGEMENT INTERFACES...........................................................................................4
2.1 CityLink ............................................................................................................................... 42.2 ECC (Embedded Communication Channel) ....................................................................... 52.3 Internal OSPF Router ......................................................................................................... 6
3. OSPF ROUTING EXAMPLE............................................................................................... 7
3.1 TCP/IP Configuration NE 1.2.............................................................................................. 83.2 OSPF Configuration N E 1.2.............................................................................................103.2.1 AREA............................................................................................................................... 103.3 Static Routes NE 2.2......................................................................................................... 15
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1. INTRODUCTION
This document is intended as a guide for configuration of the IP routing in the CityLink and InterLink. The
document will also show an example configuration of a CityLink network with OSPF routing.
1.1 Management DCN IP Routing
The CityLink and InterLink contains an embedded routing function, which enables routing of TCP/IP and
UDP/IP traffic between the various management interfaces in the radios. The routing protocol used is OSPF
(Open Shortest Path First) or RIP2 (Routing Information Protocol). This enables transport of IP based
management protocols for other telecom equipment over a CityLink or InterLink path/network.
OSPF Facts:
Link State protocol. All routers share topology of network, not IP routes
Based on topology and cost, each routers runs dijkstras algorithm to find the best path and to generate
routing table. Convergence is fast, and the network is fast to re-route (when faults have been found)
Very suitable for redundant networks
In stable networks very bandwidth efficient.
Specified in RFC 1583 & RFC2328
1.2 Software Requirements
1.2.1 CityLink
The OSPF and RIP2 routing functionality requires the following CityLink application software:
SW-CL2IDU-APP R2B00 or later
1.2.2 InterLink
The OSPF and RIP2 routing functionality requires the following InterLink application software:
SW-2KCN231-APP R3B00 or later
1.2.3 NEW-NMS
The OSPF routing function requires the following NEW-NMS software:
NEW-NMS R7D02 or later
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2. MANAGEMENT INTERFACES
All Nera radio relay systems has several build-in interfaces for management networking. Common for all
families is a connection inside a section, i.e. between two terminals, implemented by internal 64 kb/s datachannels, and use DCC bytes1 in the SOH in the SDH radios.
2.1 CityLink
The CityLink has several alternative communication ports in the equipment:
DCC radio
Ethernet 10baseT
Network InterfaceLocal Craft Terminal
DCC line
Local Craft Terminal to interconnect a CityLink network to the NEW-NMS
Electrical interface: RS-232
Baudrate: 1.200 - 115.200kbit/s
Protocol: Proprietary, Q1
Connector type: 9 pin D-sub, female
Cable (NERA code): UWMK3123, included in the NEW-NMS and Config. SW.
Two Network Interface (NI) ports to interconnect Nera Radio Relay equipment. If the Ethernet port isused only one port is available.
Electrical interface: RS-485
Baudrate: 1.200 - 115.200kbit/s asynchronous or
64 - 200kbit/s synchronous
Protocol: Proprietary, NNP (Nera Network Protocol)
Connector type: 9 pin D-sub, female
10Mb/s Ethernet port to interconnect CityLink network to the NEW-NMS, or to interconnect radio sub-networks using a LAN/WAN (IP Tunnelling or OSPF/RIP routing)
LAN (TP): Twisted pair interface (IEEE802.3):
Embedded 10BASE-T Medium Attachment Unit (MAU).
Connector type: RJ-45
DCCr (or DCCm) SDH management channels. Both SDH line side and radio side can be used.
Protocol: NNP (proprietary), TCP/IP or Qecc
1 D1-D3 or D4-D12 for CityLink and InterLink.
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2.2 InterLink
The InterLink has several alternative communication ports in the equipment:
Local Craft Terminal to interconnect a InterLink network to the NEW-NMS
Electrical interface: RS-232
Baudrate: 1.200 - 115.200kbit/s
Protocol: Proprietary, Q1Connector type: 9 pin D-sub, female
Cable (NERA code): UWMK3123, included in the NEW-NMS and Config. SW.
Two Network Interface (NI) ports to interconnect Nera Radio Relay equipment. If the Ethernet port isused only one port is available.
Electrical interface: RS-485
Baudrate: 1.200 - 115.200kbit/s asynchronous or
64 - 200kbit/s synchronous
Protocol: Proprietary, NNP (Nera Network Protocol)
Connector type: 9 pin D-sub, female
10Mb/s Ethernet port to interconnect InterLink network to the NEW-NMS, or to interconnect radio sub-
networks using a LAN/WAN (IP Tunnelling or OSPF/RIP routing)
LAN (TP): Twisted pair interface (IEEE802.3):
Embedded 10BASE-T Medium Attachment Unit (MAU).
Connector type: RJ-45
DCCr (or DCCm) SDH management channels. Both SDH line side and radio side can be used.
Protocol: NNP (proprietary), TCP/IP or Qecc
Ethernet 10BaseT
Network Interface (NI1 & NI2)
Local Craft Terminal (LCT2)
Local Craft Terminal (LCT1)
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2.3 ECC (Embedded Communication Channel)
The ECC channel can be configured by the operator. The DCC-r (D1 to D3) is used normally for ECC
purpose when the radio element is configured for RST, but any other available SOH byte can be used. In
MST configuration2 the DCC-m (D4 to D12) can also be used. When DCC-r is used the transmission
capacity is 192 kb/s, If another single SOH byte is used the transmission capacity is 64kb/s. The protocolused can be NNP (Nera Networking Protocol), TCP/IP or Qecc. The operator can configure the link layer
properties of the Qecc.
2.4 Internal IP Router
The figure below shows all CityLink/InterLink interfaces that handle OSPF/RIP protocol traffic.
Router
LAN
Port
NI
port
DCC
Radio
LAN port is used
as element address..
DCC
Line
Note! When LAN port is enabled, only one NI port is available.
The LAN port IP address is used as the IP address on the element.
2 Applicable when a build-in mux unit is used.
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3. CITYLINK OSPF ROUTING EXAMPLE
The following example explains how to set up the IP Routing in the CityLink using OSPF. CityLink
Network Element 1.2 (IP address 10.9.9.9) configuration is shown (see drawing below).Private IP Addresses with Subnetmask 255.255.255.248 is used.
Configuration sequence:
Check that IP Stack is available.
Define IP Address, including Subnetmask and Default Gateway.
Enable TCP/IP stack on the ports where IP traffic is sent.
Define one AREA (or more).
Define on which ports OSPF or RIP is used.
Enable OSPF or RIP.
Routing Table.
NI-NICitylink1.2
Citylink 1.1Citylink2.1
Citylink2.2
DCCr DCCr
LAN
IP 10.9.9.2
IP 10.9.9.25IP 10.9.9.17IP 10.9.9.9IP 10.9.9.1
Equipment with SNMP
based management, using the
Nera DCC channel as DCN.
LAN
IP 10.9.9.27
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3.1 TCP/IP Configuration NE 1.2
Check that IP Stack is available on the
CityLink elements.TheAvailable Functions Menu is found from
Equipment node.
Available functions menu.
Set the IP Address of the CityLink LAN port.
TheElement ID Menu is found from the
Element node.
Element ID menu.
Set the IP Subnetmask of the CityLink LAN
port.
The Communication Ports Menu is found
from the Equipment node.
Network Element 1.2 is not usingDefault
Gateway in the example.
IP SettingsCommunication Portmenu.
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The Communication Ports menu allows the
user to enable TCP/IP stack on the different
communication ports, LAN, NI, DCC Line
and DCC Radio.
In the example, CityLink 1.2 has to enableboth NI and DCC Radio port since these are in
use.
SelectDCCin the Communication Ports menu
to enable the TCP/IP stack on the DCC Radio.
DCC Communication Portmenu.
OpenNIin the Communication Ports menu to
enable the TCP/IP stack on the NI1
NI Communication Portmenu.
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3.2 OSPF Configuration N E 1.2
3.2.1 AREA
OSPF Area
Areas are used to put a boundary on the explosion of link-state updates. Flooding and calculation of the
Dijkstra algorithm on a router is limited to changes within an area. All routers within an area have the exact
link-state database. Routers that belong to multiple areas, and connect these areas to the backbone area are
called Area Border Routers (ABR). ABRs must therefore maintain information describing the backbone
areas and other attached areas. It is not recommended (according to Cisco) to have more than 50 routers in
one area.
OSPF Cost
The cost (also called metric) of an interface in OSPF is an indication of the overhead required to send
packets across a certain interface. The cost of an interface is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of that
interface. A higher bandwidth indicates a lower cost. There is more overhead (higher cost) and time delays
involved in crossing a 56k serial line than crossing a 10M Ethernet line. The formula used to calculate the
cost is:
cost= 10000 0000/bandwith in bps
Stub Areas
OSPF allows certain areas to be configured as stub areas. External networks, such as those redistributed from
other protocols into OSPF, are not allowed to be flooded into a stub area. Routing from these areas to the
outside world is based on a default route. Configuring a stub area reduces the topological database size inside
an area and reduces the memory requirements of routers inside that area.
In our example all CityLink:
belongs to the same Area 1
cost is set to 100.
Stub area is not used
Note! In order to edit the 'OSPF areas' settings, the OSPF protocol must be disabled in the General Setting
page.
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Open OSPF Areas menu from Equipment
node.
Define one AREA by selectingAdd.
Note!
A maximum of 4 areas are allowed for each
Network Element.OSPF Areas menu
SelectArea ID and Cost, for the new Area.
Area Id:
Identifies the current area.
Cost:
Default cost for the current area.
Possible values: 0 - 4294967295.
Stub Area, Not Used in the example:
When this checkbox is set, the current area is
configured as a stub network.
Define Network ranges for the Area by
selectingAdd:
Opens the 'Add OSPF Area Network Range'
dialog. Allows the user to add new network
ranges to the current area.
Add OSPF Areas menu
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AddNetwork range to the Area.
IP Network Address:
Enter the IP network address.
NB! The IP network address must be valid forthe given network mask entered below.
Mask:
Enter the network mask.
NB! The network mask must be continuous.
Advertise:
When this checkbox is set, the information
regarding this network range is advertised.
Range Cost:
An indication of the overhead required to sendpackets across the current network range.
Possible values: 0 - 4294967295.
Note!
A maximum of 8 network ranges are allowed
for each OSPF area.
Add OSPF Areas Network Range menu
Define on which ports OSPF is used
Define OSPF interface by selectingAdd.
Add:
Add a new OSPF interface to the list using theappearing dialog.
Edit:
Select a row and press 'Edit' to open the 'Edit
OSPF Interface' dialog. In this dialog the
settings for the selected interface may be
changed.
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TheAdd OSPF Interface andEdit OSPF
Interface dialogs may be opened from the
OSPF Interfacespage.
The dialogs are identical, but are handled
differently; the 'Add' dialog ads new OSPFinterfaces and the 'Edit' dialog edits existing
OSPF interfaces.
In the example Network Element 1.2 is using
the DCC and NI ports.
Cost:
An indication of the overhead required
sending packets across current interface.
Possible values: 0 - 4294967295.
Transmit Delay:The estimated number of seconds it takes to
transmit a Link State Update Packet over
current interface.
Default value is 1 second.
Possible values: 1 - 4294967295.
Area Id:
Identifies the OSPF area the current interface
is part of.
Designated Router Priority:
Indicates the current NE's reliability as adesignated router (DR). Higher values =
higher reliability.
0 = cannot be DR.
Possible values: 0 - 4294967295.
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The General Settingpage allows the user to
control the general use of the OSPF or RIP2
protocols for the selected NE.
Enable protocol: Select routing protocol(s)available to the interfaces on current Network
Element.
OSPF: Allow use of OSPF
RIP (not used in the example): Allow use of
RIP v2
Export to... (not used in the example):
The "Export to..." options allow the routing
information to be passed to the different
protocols.
For information to be passed between the
OSPF and RIP protocols, the current NE musthave both protocols enabled.
Routing information regarding static routes
may always be passed to enabled protocol(s).
Default metric:
The values entered in these controls set the
default metric used for the different protocols.
IP Configurable Interfaces:
List of interfaces available on the current NE
for the OSPF and RIP protocols.
Interfaces may be enabled for IP in theCommunication Ports page for the specific
interface (e.g. NI interface on CityLink).
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Monitor active routes for current Network
Element from this page.
3.3 Static Routes NE 2.2
In order to establish a routing between Nera Network Elements using OSPF or RIPv2 and other equipment
not using one of these standards, static routes must be used.
In the example Static Routes must be added to Network Element 2.2.
Add:
Add a new static route to the list using the
appearing dialog.
Edit:
Select a row and press 'Edit' to open the 'Edit
Static Route' dialog. In this dialog the settings
for the selected route may be changed.
Delete:
Deletes the selected row(s) from the list.
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TheAdd Static Route andEdit Static Route
dialogs may be opened from the Static Routes
page.
The dialogs are identical, but are handled
differently; the 'Add' dialog add new staticroutes and the 'Edit' dialog edits existing static
routes.
Destination: IP address of the destination for
current static route.
NB! The IP address must be valid for the
given subnet mask entered below.
Mask: Subnet mask for current static route.
NB! The subnet mask must be continuous.
Gateway: IP address of the gateway throughwhich the current static route may be reached.
Interface Id: Interface used by the static route.
Metric: Interface metric.
Possible values: 0 - 15.
A maximum of 20 static routes is allowed for
each NE.