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EMBRYOLOGY-
BRAINR.M
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FORMATION OF NEURAL TUBE
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DEVELOPMENT OF BRAIN
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DEVELOPMENT OF BRAIN
At 5th week AOG
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TELENCEPHALONCerebral hem!"here!#ar!e at the be$%%%$ &' 5th week &'
(e)*t a! blateral e)a$%at&% &' the lateral wall &' the"r&!e%+e"hal&%
,%( m&%th- ba!al "art &' hem!"here be$%! t& %+rea!e %!e#####"+t/re
0th '/rther e1"a%!&% &' the hem!"here!- t +&)er! the
lateral a!"e+t &' (e%+e"hal&%- me!e%+e"hal&% a%(+e"hal+ "&rt&% &' mete%+e"hal&%.
0th +&%t%&/! $r&wth &'+erebral hem!"here! %a%ter&r-(&r!al a%( %'er&r (re+t&%!####'&rmat&% &'frontal, temporal and occipital lobes
The area betwee% 'r&%tal a%( tem"&ral be+&me (e"re!!e(a%( ! +alle( the insula.
2/r'a+e &' +erebral hem!"here! $r&w! ra"(l3 that ma%3+&%)&l/t&%!4$3r !e"arate( b3 6!!/re! a%( !/l+ a""ear.
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CEREBRAL CORTE7De)el&"! 'r&m the
"all/m Tw& re$&%!8
a"ale&"all/m9ar+h"all/m# area mme(atel3
lateral t& the +&r"/!!trat/m
b%e&"all/m#betwee%the h""&+am"/! a%(
"alle&"al/m
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C&r"/! 2trat/mBe%$ "art &' wall &'
the hem!"here-e1"a%(! "&!ter&rl3a%( ! ()(e( %t&8
aCa/(ate %/+le/!#(&r!&me(al "&rt&%
bLe%t'&rm#)e%tr&lateral "&rt&%
I%ter%al +a"!/le#()(e!
the a9b re"re!e%t! b3the a1&%! "a!!%$thr&/$h a%( 'r&m the+&rte1 &' hem!"here
At !ame tme# me(al
wall &' thehem!"here a%(lateral wall &'(e%+e"hal&% '/!e
a%( the +a/(ate%/+le/! a%( thalam/!+&me %t& +l&!e+&%ta+t.
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H""&+am"/! Th+ke%%$
mme(atel3 ab&)ethe +h&r&( 6!!/re
Gra(/all3 b/l$e! %t&the lateral )e%tr+le!
&l'a+t&r3 '/%+t&%
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DIENCEPHALON
De). Fr&m the me(a%"&rt&% &'
"r&!e%+e"hal&%
C&%!!t &' tw& alar "late!
a%( r&&' "late
aR&&' "late! #$)e r!e t&
+h&r&( "le1/! &' the thr()e%tr+le
bCa/(al "art &' R&&'"late#(e)el&"! %t& pinealbod or epip!sis- !&l(&r$a%- !er)%$ a! +ha%%elthr&/$h wh+h l$ht a%((ark%e!! a:e+t!
Alar "late!#thalam/!
4(&r!al a%(h3"&thalam/!4)e%tral- !e"arate( b3 theh3"&thalam+ !/l+/!
; D/e t& "r&l'erat)ea+t)t3 &' Thalam/!- t"r&
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DIENCEPHALON$pot!alamus-
D:ere%tate! %t& a%/mber &' %/+leararea! !er)%$ a!re$/lat&r3 +e%ter! &'
)!+eral '/%+t&%!-%+l/(%$8
a2lee"
bD$e!t&%
+B&(3 tem".
(Em&t&%al beha)&r
Mammlar3 b&(3#&%e&' the $r&/"!- '&rm%$a (!t%+t
"r&tr/bera%+e &%)e%tral !/r'a+e &'h3"&thalam/! &%ea+h m(l%e
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RHOMBENCEPHALONMYELEN%E&$ALON-
#$)e r!e t& me(/lla&bla%$ata
#It ha! alar a%( ba!al "late!
#ba!al "late! +&%ta%! m&t&r%/+le
#%/+le are ()(e( %t&8aMe(al !&mat+ e:ere%t$r&/"
bI%terme(ate !"e+ale:ere%t $r&/"
+Lateral $e%eral )!+erale:ere%t $r&/"
Me(al !&mat+
aH3"&$l&!!al %er)e#!/""l3 the t&%$/em/!+/lat/re
bAb(/+e%!
+Tr&+hlear(O+/l&m&t&r
.!"e+al )!+eral e:ere%t#!/""le! the !trate( M &'"har3%$eal ar+he!
aA++e!&r3 N
bVa$/! N
+Gl&!!&"har3%$eal N
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MEDULLA OBLANGATA
Ge%eral )!+eral
e:ere%t $r&/"#+&%ta%! m&t&r%e/r&%! that !/""l3the %)&l/%tar3
m/!+/lat/re &' there!"rat&r3-%te!t%ala%( the heart
Alar "late +&%ta%! =$r&/"! &' !e%!&r3%/+le
a2&mat+ a:ere%t#lateralre+e)e! m"/l!e! 'r&m theear a%( !/r'a+e &' hea( b3wa3 &' CN VIII a%( CN V
b2"e+al )!+eral a:ere%t$r&/"# %terme(ate
#re+e)e! m"/l!e! 'r&mta!te b/(! &' t&%$/e- 'r&m"alate-&r&"har3%1-e"$l&tt!
+ Ge%eral )!+erala:ere%t#
Im"/l!e! 'r&m GIT a%(Heart
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Mete%+e"hal&%%erebellum#
'/%+t&%! a!+&&r(%at&% +e%ter'&r "&!t/re a%(m&)eme%t
&ons#!er)e! a!"athwa3 '&r %er)e
6ber! betwee% the!"%al +&r( a%( the+erebral a%(+erebellar +&rt+e!
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Me!e%+e"hal&%#M(bra% The m&!t "rmt)e &'
the bra% )e!+le!Ba!al "late +&%ta% ,
$r&/" &' m&t&r %/+le
aMe(al !&mat+ e:ere%t
#re"re!e%te( b3 CN IIIa%( IV
b2mall $e%eral )!+erale:ere%t# re"re!e%t! b3%/+le/! &' E(%$er >
we!t"hal-wh+h%%er)ate! the !"h%+ter
"/"llar3 M
Mar$%al la3er &' ea+hba!al "late e%lar$e! a%(
'&rm +r/! +erebr- !er)e!a! "athwa3 '&r %er)e 6ber(e!+e%(%$ 'r&m +erebral+&rte1 t& "&%! a%( !"%al
+&r(Alar "late!#$)e r!e t&
a%ter&r4!/"er&ra%("&!ter&4%'er&r +&ll+/l/!
2/"# +&rrelat&% a%( re?e1
+e%ter '&r )!/al m"/l!e!I%'er&r#rela3 !tat&% '&r
a/(t&r3 re?e1e!
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Cr/! +erebr
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'(AGE' O) BRAIN *E+ELO&MEN( AN* A''O%IA(E* *I'OR*ER'
%toenesis *eelopment
of moleculesinto cells
%onenital
neoplasms
$istoenesis *eelopmentof cells intotissues
Neurocutaneous sndromeso (uberoussclerosiso
Neuro/bromatosis%onenitalascular
malformations
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Neural (ube
%losure
*orsalinduction
0-123s AOG
- %!iarimalformations
- Aenesis ofcorpus callosum- Lipoma ofcorpus callosum- *and-4al3er
malformation"ariant- &osterior fossaarac!noid cst
- (eratoma
*ierticulation+entralinduction5-623s AOG
-$oloprosencep!al
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Neuronal&roliferation
7-86 23s AOG
NeuronalMiration
91 23s AOG toears
Lissencep!al
'c!i:encep!al
$eterotopias&ac!microria"polmicroria
Melini:ation Birt! to ears *isorders
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Melini:ation
Birt! to ears *isorderst!at a;ect2!ite matter *isorders
t!at a;ectra matter *isorderst!at a;ect
ra < 2!itematter Basalanliadisorders
*isordersIndependentof (imin
*estructie
&orencep!aliccst
$dranencep!
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