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EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Dr. Edy Riyanto B. Sp. THT-KL
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Bleeding Nasal bleeding Bleeding from the larynx and trachea Bleeding from the esophagus Bleeding from the ear
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Dyspnea Differential diagnosis Emergency bronchoscopy Tracheotomy Intibation Laryngotomy Care of a tracheoctomy
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Foreign bodies in the hypopharynx and esophagus In the larynx, trachea, and bronchii In the nose In the ear
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Corrosions and Scalds In the mouth In the esophagus In the ear
Sudden deafness
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Acute vertigo Vestibular failure Meniere’s disease
Facial Paralysis
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Epistaxis
Penyebab epistaxis local
idiopatik vascular microtrauma rhinitis sica anterior pengaruh lingkungan Trauma Benda asing Perdarahan di daerah septum Tumor rongga hidung dan sinus Tumor Nasofaring dan angiofibroma
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Penyebab epistaxis sekunder Infeksi Penyakit vaskuler dan sirkulasi Gangguan pembekuan dan penyakit
perdarahan Uremia dan gangguan sel hati Gangguan endokrin Herediter hemorrhagic telangiectasis
(mis : Osler’s disease)
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Langkah-Langkah diagnostik Anamnesis Lokasi perdarahan – Anterior / posterior Pemeriksaan fisik diagnostik ( contoh :
tekanan darah) Pemeriksaan laboratorium Bila perlu : pemeriksaan radiologi dan
pemeriksaan oleh IPD
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Foreign Bodies
Pharynx dan Esophagus Misalnya : Mainan anak, Tulang, Koin, Kancing, Gigi palsu,
Dsb… Gejalanya :o sakit menelan o obstruksi saluran nafas
Cara diagnosis :o Radiografio Endoskopi
Terapi :o Ekstraksi via endoskopi o Tindakan khusus ( hemlick’s maneuver )
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Larynx, trachea, dan bronchus
Larynx Gejala :o Batuk, sakit menusuk didaerah larynx, sakit menelan,
sesak
Pathogenesis Treatment o Ekstraksi melalui endoskopi
Catatan o Setelah ekstraksi, lakukan intubasi + pemberian steroid
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Trachea dan Bronchus Ditemukan pd anak2 (1-3 thn) Mis : kacang, paku, jarum, kancing, koin, kelereng,
potongan cangkang telur
Gejala :o Batuk, sesak, sianosis, serak, total occlusion, Death
Tempat :o Paling sering bronchus kanan
Pathogenesis o Tersedak
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Diagnosis :o Pemeriksaan fisik o Radiography o Bronchoscopy
Diagnosis Banding :o Diphteria, pseudocroup, laryngeal spasm, wooping
cough, asthma bronchial, tumor intra luminal, pneumoni, sianosis larynx, dsb
Treatment o Ekstraksi Endoskopi