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EmergencyFirst Aid
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I.C.E. your cell phone!
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I.C.E. your refrigerator!
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Which phone to use?
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Taking a Pulse
Radial (wrist) Pulse
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Use Fingers to check wrist pulse
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Blood Vessels in the neck
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Taking a Pulse
Carotid (neck) pulse
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Just enough light pressure to feel the pulsation
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Count the number of times you feel the pulsation in a specific
amount of time
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So what’s normal?
60-100
People who are very athletic or who are on heart
medications may have slower heart rates (less than 60)
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Note to self:
Any pulse is better than no pulse!
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No pulse or unresponsive?Start CPR
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What IS a heart attack?
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What IS a heart attack?
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The Heart pumps blood to every organ in the body,
including itself!
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A heart attack is when there is a blockage of the
blood flow to the heart itself
This causes damage to the
heart and limits its ability to pump
blood to the rest of the body
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What IS a heart attack?
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How can I help?Heart Attack
• Have the person lie or sit down – avoid exertion
• If they take nitroglycerin, get it for them and help them place it under their tongue
• Call 911• If they are awake, have them
chew an aspirin (prevents clot forming)
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What is a stroke?
A stroke is the result of lack of blood
flow to a portion of the brain
“brain attack”
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A stroke is a blockage of blood to the brain (ie. brain attack)
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Types of Stroke
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Symptoms of stroke• Weakness, clumsiness, or numbness on
one side of the body • Blurry, dimming, or no vision • Difficulty swallowing, talking, or
comprehending others • Dizziness, falling, or loss of balance • Severe or unusual headache
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Facial droop
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Arm drift
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How can I help?Stroke
• Call 911 right away – time is critical
• Note what time the symptoms first started
• Do not give them anything to drink
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Choking
• Unable to speak• Difficulty breathing• Grips throat• Skin turns bluish• May lose consciousness
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Choking
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Choking
• EMERGENCY!!• Act quickly• Attempt Heimlich• Have someone call
911• DO NOT GIVE
THEM SOMETHING TO DRINK
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Foreign body in “throat”(esophagus)
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Esophageal Blockage
• Drooling or spitting• Leaning forward• Pain in throat/chest
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Esophageal Blockage• Not an emergency• Can still talk• Uncomfortable• If they can’t swallow their saliva
(drooling), they can’t swallow water!
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Head Injury
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When do I need to go to the hospital?
• If I lost consciousness for more than a brief instance
• If I can’t remember the 15 minutes before or after the injury
• If I am on a blood thinner (coumadin, plavix)
• If I have a bad headache or am vomiting• If I am sleepy, confused, or having
trouble using my arms or legs
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If I go to the hospital, what should I bring?
(what every ER doctor wants their patients to know!)
• List of your medications/medical problems/medical records
• Names of your doctors• One friend or family member
(preferably a quiet and sober one)• A good book!
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Bee Stings• Epipen right away if allergic• Call 911 if allergic• Pull stinger out as quickly as
possible• Cool compresses or ice• Benadryl • Zantac or tagamet
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Stinger Removal
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Ankle Sprain
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Ankle Sprain
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Ankle Sprain Treatment
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Cover tobacco with ace wrapor cotton dressing
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Ankle support
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BurnsBurns
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First degreeburn
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SecondDegree
burn
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How can I help?Burns
• Clean skin with cool water• If skin not broken can use
topical solarcaine• Don’t break blisters• Bacitracin to open areas• “Fluff” a gauze to absorb
fluid and hold in place with a gauze “kling” or ace wrap
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SplintingImmobilize Broken Bones
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splinting
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Wound Care
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Soap and water
+/-Topical antibiotic
(bacitracin)
Clean, dry dressing
Wash daily, redress
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Keep it simple…
1.Wash with soap and water
2. Keep clean and dry
3. Seek help if it becomes red or angry looking (infected)
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Major Injuries
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Major Injury Issues• Bleeding – an immediate life-threatening
problem -lie patient down-place clean gauze or towel over site of injury-apply direct, constant pressure-elevate the extremity-call 911-collect tissue or missing parts, place in plastic
bag
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Bleeding management
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Keep pressure on woundHold gauze in place with
circular dressing
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Other risks with major injuries:
• Infection– If bleeding controlled, clean out wound
with saline or water• Tetanus
- Need tetanus shot within days if not up-to-date
• Nerve and muscle damage– Avoid additional damage to limb
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Amputated Parts• Rinse off debris (saline or water)• Wrap in dry clean gauze, put in dry plastic
bag• Put plastic bag inside another plastic bag
with ice and water – do not pack in ice • Remove any rings• Do not eat anything• No smoking
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Cuts and lacerations
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The Art of Bandaids
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Winged
For large joints like knees and elbows
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Fingertipbandaid
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Home First Aid Supplies
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Protective Gloves
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Bandaids
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Peroxide
• Excellent for removing blood from hair, skin, clothing
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Irrigation syringe
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Wound cleaning
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Topical antibiotic
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Gauze dressing to apply to wound
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Rolled gauze to hold dressing on
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Ace bandage or coban to hold everything in place
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Anchoring dressings
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Tape to secure bandages
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X
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Medications
Pain medication
Pain medicationAnti-inflammatory
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Aspirin
Chest painPossible
heart attack
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Allergic Reaction/Bee stingsEpipen requires
Prescription*check expiration
dates
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Thermometer
Hard to
read
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Shears or scissorsCuts clothing off, cuts gauze
Tweezer
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Steri-stripsBenzoin
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Other possibilities:
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Summary• Use common sense – follow your
instincts!• Do not give anyone having a medical
emergency something to drink• Keep a list of medications, doctors,
medical history readily available• I.C.E. your cell phone and refrigerator• Call 911 for chest pain, stroke
symptoms, breathing problems, excessive bleeding
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Thank you for coming!!