Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen
1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m = “a billionth of a meter”
410 nm 434 nm 486 nm 656 nm
Emission Spectrum of an Element
1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m = “a billionth of a meter”
410 nm 434 nm 486 nm 656 nm
1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m = “a billionth of a meter”
Continuous and Line Spectra
4000 Ao
5000 6000 7000
light
Na
H
Ca
Hg
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm
Visiblespectrum
(nm)
Flame Emission Spectra
Photographs of flame tests of burning wooden splints soaked in different salts.Photographs of flame tests of burning wooden splints soaked in different salts.
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methane gas wooden splint strontium ioncopper ionsodium ion calcium ion
Flame Tests for Certain Metals
BORAX BEAD TESTS FOR CERTAIN METALS(All beads formed in the oxidizing flame)
Common chemicals used in the manufacture of fireworks
Ammonium perchlorate aluminum Blue flame: copper carbonate, copper sulfate, or copper oxide
Barium chlorate antimony sulfide Red flame: strontium nitrate or strontium carbonate
Barium nitrate charcoal White flame: magnesium or aluminum
Potassium chlorate magnesium Yellow flame: sodium oxalate or cryolite (Na3AlF6)
Potassium nitrate sulfur Green flame: barium nitrate or barium chlorate
Potassium perchlorate titanium White smoke: potassium nitrate plus sulfur
Strontium nitrate Colored smoke: potassium chlorate and sulfur, plus organic dye
Whistling noise: potassium benzoate or sodium salicylate
White sparks: aluminum, magnesium, or titanium
Gold sparks: iron filings or charcoal
Almost any combination of an oxidizer and a fuel may be used along with the compounds needed to produce a desired special effect.
Oxidizers Fuels (Reductants) Special Effects
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.
Composition of Fireworks
• Gunpowder– Sulfur, charcoal, potassium nitrate (saltpeter)
• Salts (to give color)– Red = lithium– Green = copper