Encapsulating Knowledge for Intelligent Automatic
Interaction Objects SelectionJean Vanderdonckt, François Bodart
University of Namur, Belgium
in Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Aspects in Computing Systems InterCHI'93 (Amsterdam, 24-29 April 1993), S. Ashlund, K. Mullet, A. Henderson, E. Hollnagel, T. White (Eds.), Addison Wesley, Reading (Massachusetts), pp. 424-429.
Interaction Objects SelectionIntroduction
1. Is environment independent
2. Is included in an automatic generator
3. Involves application semantic
4. Requires a dialog model
Interaction Objects Selection (2)5. Requires a user model
6. Considers screen space
7. Uses explicit rules
8. Groups related objects
Selection Requirements1. Is environment independent
2. Is included in an automatic generator
3. Involves application semantic
4. Requires a dialog model
Abstract Interaction Objects Different presentations Same behaviours Abstract (AIO) versus Concrete (CIO)
– Abstract Interaction Objects are platform-independent
– Concrete Interaction Objects are platform-specific
Taxonomy of AIOs 6 sets : action, scrolling, static, control,
dialog and feedback
Abstract Interaction Objects (2)Generic name, definitionNatureTypeAggregation, inheritanceOperations = (causes, effects)Abstract attributes, events and primitives
– PushButton_TriggeredFunctionName
– PushButton_OnSelection
– PushButton_TriggerFunction
Selection Requirements1. Is environment independent
2. Is included in an automatic generator
3. Involves application semantic
4. Requires a dialog model
TRIDENT Approach OverviewSpecification editor
ERA, FCG databases
AIO selector
Selection rules
AIO specifications
AIO to CIO mapper
CIO specifications
CIO placer
UIL objects
Presentation editor
Selection Requirements1. Is environment independent
2. Is included in an automatic generator
3. Involves application semantic
4. Requires a dialog model
Application Data ModelizationDomainData typesValues to chooseDefault valuePrincipal valuesSecundary values
Application Data Modelization (2)Granularity: low-medium-high
Known values: domain values
Ordered list: yes/no
Expandable list: yes/no
Continuous range: yes/no
Selection Requirements5. Requires a user model
6. Considers screen space
7. Uses explicit rules
8. Groups related objects
Application Data Modelization (3) User level : Beginner
Novice
Intermediate
Expert
Master Selection preference Constrained screen space
Selection Requirements5. Requires a user model
6. Considers screen space
7. Uses explicit rules
8. Groups related objects
Selection RulesData input, data display8 data types : hour, date, logical, integer,
numeric, real, alphabetic, alphanumericSimple AIO for elementary dataComposite AIO for grouped data (list,
group, array)
Selection Rules (example)Integer input data, known domain, Nvc > 1Nsv Exp Npv AIO= 0 no [2,3] Npv check boxes
[4,7]Npv check boxes+group box[8,Tm] List box[Tm+1,2Tm] Scrolling list box> 2Tm Scrolling drop-down list box
= 0 yes Combination box> 0 List box
Decision Trees2 trees for input/displayData type on first nodeOne simple condition by nodeBranching nodesConclusion nodes
Decision Tree (example)Nsv=0 Exp=no 2ŠNpvŠ3
Npv check boxes
Nsv>0 Exp=yes 4ŠNpvŠ7
Npv>2Tm
Npv check boxes+group box
8ŠNpvŠTm
List box
Tm+1ŠNpvŠ2Tm
Scrolling list box
Combination box
Scrolling drop-down list box
List box