Download - END
![Page 1: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PLS 405: Ethnicity, Nationalism, and DemocracyPLS 405: Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Democracy
ENDEND
Somalia and Nigeria: Being a Failed State
![Page 2: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Somalia: Location Map
![Page 3: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6 / 28
Somalia: Today
• Somaliland declared itself sovereign 1991
• Puntland declared itself autonomous 1998
• Galmudug declared itself autonomous 2006
• Maakhir declared itself autonomous 2007
• Civil War continues
![Page 7: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7 / 28
Somalia: The Failed State
• The Dirty War• Security Council resolutions• Results:
– Somalia descent into anarchy – No effective government– No legal code– No functioning economy – Terrorism
![Page 8: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8 / 28
Somalia: The Bottom Line
• The violence of the counter-terrorist operations, militant Islamic groups, warlords and criminal networks has made Somalia too dangerous even for its own government to remain
![Page 9: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Nigeria: Location Map
![Page 10: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12 / 28
Nigeria: Geography
• West Africa• Oil-rich delta region
![Page 13: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13 / 28
Nigeria: Population
• Population:– 133 million– Most populous in Africa– Over 250 ethnic groups
![Page 14: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14 / 28
Nigeria: Religion
• Divided geographically– Islam
50%– Christianity
40%– Animism
10%
![Page 15: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15 / 28
Nigeria: Language
• Official Language:– English
• Unofficial Languages:– 510 unofficial languages– Three language families
• Niger-Congo• Afro-Asiatic• Nilo-Saharan
![Page 16: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16 / 28
Nigeria: Government
• Federal republic• Presidential
– President: Umaru Yar'Adua
– Vice-Pres: Goodluck Jonathan
– Senate Pres: David Mark– House Speaker: Patricia Etteh– Chief Justice: Idris Kutigi
• Capital: Abuja
![Page 17: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17 / 28
Nigeria: History
• 1861: British administration commences in Nigeria
• Prior to British control, external influence on Nigeria came from:– Western Sudanese Kingdoms of
• Ghana• Mali• Songhai• Maghreb• Tripolitania• Egypt
![Page 18: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18 / 28
Nigeria: History
• While Islam was taking hold of Northern Nigeria, Portugal’s slave trade was dominant in the southern regions
• From the 15th through the early 19th centuries, southern Nigeria was controlled by European slave traders
![Page 19: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19 / 28
Nigeria: History
• With the end of slavery, traders began moving inland and trade of Nigerian products grew rapidly
• Britain gives Royal Niger Company control of Nigeria
• In 1900:– British Government takes control
from RNC– Protectorates of Northern and
Southern Nigeria created
![Page 20: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20 / 28
Nigeria: History
• In 1940 Nigeria is split into four regions:– Colony of Lagos– Northern Region– Western Region– Southern Region
• Richardson’s Constitution:– Political parties formed on regional
and ethnic bases– BUT:
• Full-scale regionalism leads to possibility of three separate countries
![Page 21: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21 / 28
Nigeria: History
• Regional gaps widened in 1950s– Federalism becomes foundation of
government
• Independence gained in 1960• Federation of Nigeria with three
regions:– Northern
• Hausa (Muslim)– Western
• Yoruba (Muslim/Christian)– Southern
• Igbo (Christian)
![Page 22: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22 / 28
Nigeria: History
• Coup of 1966– Ideology: To strengthen and unify
government of Nigeria– Reality: Slaughter of Northern and
Western politicians and senior military officers
• 1967: – Southern Nigeria declares
independence as Biafra– July 6 - Nigerian Civil (Biafran) War
begins– Civil war ends in 1970
![Page 23: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23 / 28
Nigeria: Current
• Political Realities– Since Nigeria gained its
independence in 1960, corrupt political leaders have stolen or misused over $400 billion
• Quick Historical Analysis:– Though some societal
improvements have been made, poverty, malnutrition, disease, violence, tribalism, and political corruption still dominate daily life
![Page 24: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24 / 28
Nigeria: Current
• Quick Political Analysis:– Until a strong, unified central
government can control tribalist violence and improve societal conditions, Nigerian people will continue to be victimized by corruption and poverty
![Page 25: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NIGERIA: CurrentNIGERIA: Current
![Page 26: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: END](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051418/56815022550346895dbe07a9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27 / 28
Failed States
• What are the immediate effects of being a failed state?
• What are the long-term effects of being a failed state?
• What are the effects of a failed state on its neighbors?
• What are the effects of a failed state on the state system?