Download - Energy Law 10 – Conservation & Efficiency
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Energy Law
10 – Conservation & Efficiency
Fall 2014November 18, 2014
Alan Palmiter
Not for distribution- for study purposes only
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“We already have the technology we need to take the world off the path toward dramatic climate change.”
Robert Socolow and Stephen Pacala, Stabilization Wedges (2004)Carbon Mitigation Initiative
Bill McKibben “That’s the task for our generation”
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Topic roadmap1. Role of conservation & efficiency
– Distinction between conservation & efficiency– Significance of conservation & efficiency– What is your carbon footprint?
2. Energy-efficient technologies– Home & buildings– Vehicles– Manufacturing– Government– Smart grid
3. Regulating conservation & efficiency – Legislation prior to 2000– Legislation since 2000
4. Future of conservation & efficiency– Evolving technology and energy efficiency efforts
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EIA, Annual Energy Review
1. Role of conservation and efficiency
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Energy Intensity = energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP).
EIA, “Energy Intensity” (2013)
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Conservation = consuming less energy and getting less
Efficiency = consuming less energy and getting same amount
As policy matter, which would you promote?
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Efficiency vs. renewables vs. fossil fuels: Costs and risks?
Ceres, Report (Nov 2014)
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(Click for video – 4.22)
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(Click image for link to calculator)
What is likely to lead to you using less energy:
(1) environmental/climate concerns or (2) price incentives?
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(Click for video – 4:21 )
2. Energy-efficient technologies
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My house story …
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(Click for video – 6:29 )
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Efficiency in manufacturing and government
Optimization - Manufacturing• Biomimetic• Life cycle assessment• Standardization
Federal Energy Management Program• Analyzes energy legislation
and regulations• Helps federal agencies develop
sustainable design practices• Implements renewable energy
technology
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(Click for video – 6:17 )
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Energy efficiency in the home
Pros: Reduce energy costs Decline in emissions
into the atmosphere Reduce reliance on
fossil fuels Greater energy
security
Cons: Some technology is
unproven Hard to implement –
limited industry High upfront costs /
limited financing Leads to over-
consumption
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1. True or false? U.S. Department of Energy is the primary federal agency responsible for deployment of energy efficiency projects.
2. Which is true – a. Buildings consume more
energy than transportation.b. Transportation represents
about 50% of total energy consumption.
c. A hybrid vehicle combines an efficient gas engine combined with an electric motor that charges during acceleration.
d. Standardization in manufacturing refers to third-party assessment of product’s safety.
3. Which is false? The DOE’s FEMP …a. analyzes energy related regulations
and assists agencies with compliance.b. helps to design, operate, and maintain
high efficiency federal buildings.c. oversees federal government water
efficiency efforts and best practices implementation.
d. is responsible for measuring the GHG emissions of the large electric power utilities.
4. True or False? The U.S. has less than 5% of the world’s population, but consumes energy at 4.5x the average world per capita rate.
Pop QuizConservation and efficiency
Answers: 1-T / 2-a / 3-d / 4-T
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1975 20051995 20151985
3. Conservation/efficiency – regulatory timeline
Energy Policy & Conserva
tion Act (1975) –
appliance rating / C
AFE
NAECA Amendments (1988)
National Energy Policy
Conservation Act
(1978) – sta
ndards, not ta
rgets
National Appliance Energy C
onservation Act
(NAECA) (1987) –
DOE rules
Energy Policy
Act (2005) -
RFS
Energy Independence and
Security Act
(2007) – fe
deral
government / light b
ulbs
Energy Policy Act
(1992) – In
tegrated Resource Plans
Public Utility
Regulatory Policy
Act (1978) –
electric r
ates reflect
costs
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Conservation/efficiency legislation: Pre-2000
Energy Policy & Conservation Act (1975)• Established US petroleum reserve• Promoted conservation• Mandated vehicle fuel economy
standards
National Energy Conservation Policy Act (1978)
• Aimed to decrease reliance on non-renewable resources
• Called for increase in efficiency of energy products (i.e. vehicles and home heating)
Energy Policy Act (1992)• Improved energy efficiency standards• Increased residential energy efficiency
ratings• Promoted least cost planning among
electric utilities
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Conservation/efficiency legislation: Post-2000
Energy Policy Act (2005)• Implemented metering and reporting
requirements• Facilitated energy efficient product
procurement• Formulated renewable energy / fuel
programs
Energy Independence & Security Act (2007)
• Adopted the energy reduction goals of Executive Order 13423.
• Set performance standards for new buildings and major renovations.
• FTC labeling of light bulbs, phasing out incandescent bulbs.
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EISA lighting standards
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1. True or false? The National Energy Policy Conservation Act was a direct response to the energy crisis of the early 1970s.
2. Which is false ? The EPA 2005 …a. required federal buildings be
metered to promote energy efficiency and reduce costs
b. required federal agencies to incorporate accepted energy efficiency criteria in operations.
c. promoted on-site renewable energy productions at federal buildings.
d. allowed federal agencies to choose dual-fueled vehicles
3. Which is true? E.O. 13423 …a. Seeks to reduce energy intensity 30% by
2015, compared to 2003 baseline.b. Encourages manufacturers to use
alternative fuels to reduce production costs.
c. Requires renovation of federal buildings be completed using sustainability strategies, if no additional costs.
d. does not address use of chemicals or toxic materials -- its scope is limited to energy efficiency matters.
4. True or false? The Energy Policy Act of 1992 allowed, for the first time, federal agencies to keep savings from energy performance contracts.
Pop QuizConservation & efficiency – regulation
Answers: 1-T / 2-d / 3-a / 4-T
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(Click for video – 1:59 )
4. Future of conservation/efficiency
“Green” smart apps
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‘Built To Last’ – US decentralization and recentralization
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Improving the motor vehicle network
(Click for video – 1:35)
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Energy federalism
Conservation & Efficiency Federal State
Gov’t buildings Yes Yes
Gov’t transportation Yes Yes
Vehicle fuels / MPG Renewable Fuel StandardsCAFE California
Electric labeling Yes N/A
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Class HypoFor each member of your group, calculate the carbon footprint of your parents – or some other “baby boomer unit” you know something about.
Then come up with a list of five (5) conservation/efficiency measures you would recommend to this “unit.”
For each recommendation, identify –(1) how much annual energy
savings your recommendation might result in, and
(2) the likelihood your identified “unit” would engage in the behavior you recommend.
Calculate the “expected annual savings per unit” from your group recommendations.
Baby Boomer parents
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Class Hypo(results)
Baby Boomers Shaun 88 Andrew 56 Kees 66 Samantha 48 Alison 81 Jeb 55 Cam 66 Peter 64 Santiago 94 John 79 Hunter 64
Average 69.2
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