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ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
PROJECTION
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VISHAL SRIVASTAVA B.Sc.(Hons) CS 115138
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Projections (1)Projections transform points from n (here, n
= 3) dimensional space into a space of dimension less than n (here, n = 2)
Points to be considered, Location of object Location of observer Plane of projection Projectors
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Projections (2)
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Perspective Projections
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Parallel Projections
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Parallel ProjectionsProjectors are parallel to
each other but not perpendicular to projection plane
Effective in pictorially representing objects
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Axonometric
The object is tilted and all three coordinate axes are visible in any one view
(PP projection plane)
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Orthographic (Orthogonal)
The object is at rest and two coordinate axes are visible in any one view
(PP projection plane)
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Multiview ProjectionsFront surfaces of object is parallel to plane of
projection
Projectors or line of sights are perpendicular to projection plane
Projectors are parallel to each other and originate from any point on object
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Multiview Projections
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The six views
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Angles
First angle projection – European SystemThird angle projection – American System
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First Angle Projection
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First Angle Projection 1
How to draw plan and elevation?
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First Angle Projection 3
Points to remember:
• The ‘front view’ (or elevation) is the view with maximum information.
•The ‘plan’ is below the ‘elevation’ (in projection).
•The ‘end view’ is placed on the right if viewed from left side of object and on the left if viewed from right side.
•‘End view’ and plan face inwards from ‘elevation’.
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