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T HE EQU LITY TRU S Tource: W ilkinson Pic kett, Th e S pirit Leve l 200 9
Abig idea big e no u ghto chang ep ol iticalthinking
A_plngtheoryo leve rythlng _
R ichald Wilkinw n a n d a te ick e ll
The Spirit LevelW h y q ua lityis e tter for veryone
We stro ngly recomm end that you use them inconjun ction w ith the book , which explain s therelation ships shown in the graphs.
These sli des are provided o n condition that youacknowledge their sou rce.
We hope you will use them in talks, lectu res ordiscussion groups to help increase people sunderstanding o f the effects of inequality.
The graphs a re also published in th e book byRichard Wilkinson and Kate P ickett.The Spiri t Level Why Equalit y is etter forEveryone Penguin, 2010).
This PowerPoint file contains 35 of the moreimportant gra phs shown o n The EqualityT rustwebsi te at www .equalitytrus t.org.uk
ntrodu t ion
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THE E QUALITY TRU STource: W ilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le ve l 200 9
S e nd a che que paya ble to The Equal ity Trust 32 3 6 Loman Street London SEI OE H UK
Use P ay P al to dona te on line at www.equalitytrust.org. uk
You can dona te in two wa ys:
As an i nde pen de nt not for profit organisation our wo rk dep e nd s o n gener ous d onat ions from individuals an dtru s ts w hich sha re our vision.
As these s lides represe nt many yea rs of work and t hough t we wou ld be very gr a te ful for do na tions to he lp T heEq ua lity Trust cont inu e its wo rk.
The Equality Trus t is working ha rd to bu ild a be tte r s oci e ty by gaining a wide r public un ders ta nd ing o f the
damaging effe cts o f large i nequa litie s of incom e a nd wea lth. To get her we can bu ild s upport for po licies tored uce th e m.
on t ions
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=THE E QUALITY TRU S Tource:W ilkinson P ickett , Th e S pirit Lev e l 2009
5
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TH Q U LITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , Th e S pirit Leve l 200 9
4 5
National income per person ( )
5 7
20000
Denmark Porrug al78
Ireland.
Finla nd
UK AustriaSingapore
Netherlands
Belgium
Germanyreece
Austra lia
Sweden Canada Spain F Israel .Italy ran,:
New Zealand
Switzerlandc:
~ 0
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J;
8 Japan
Between rich) socie tie s
He a lth is re la ted t o inc ome diffe re nces w ithin rich soc ietiesbut no t to those tw n the m
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THE EQUALITY TRU S Tourc e : Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Leve l 2009
Most deprivedElectoral wards in England and Wales ranked b y deprivat ion score
Within societies
8
7 9
7 8
77e
76
7S
7 4 ;
7 3
72
7
7
Least deprived
e lth is re l ted t o i nc o m e diff e re n ces w t n ri c h soc ieties
but no t t o t h ose tw n th e m
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T H QU LITY TRU S Tou rce W ilkins on P ickett Th e S pirit Lev el 2009 / Unite d No tions De velopm e nt P rogr a m
JapanRnland
NorwaySwed en
Denmark
Belg iumAustria
Germany
Nether lands
Spa inFrance
CanadaSwitzerland
IrelandGreece
ItalyIsrael
New ZealandAustralia
UK
PortugalU SA
Singapore
0
How m uch richer a re the r ichest 2 than t he poo rest 2 ?
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THE EQU LITY TRUSTou rce : Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Lev el 2009
Impri sonmentTeen age birthsTrustObesity
Mental illness inc . drug an dalcohol ad dictio nSocial mobil ity
Homicides
LifeexpectancyMaIDs literacyInfant mor tality
Index includes
ncom e inequa lityHighow
JapanBetter
Sweden
Netherlandsorway .
Switzerland
Spain
Italy
Australia
New Zeal and
Greece
reland .Aust ria France
enmark Germany . Canad a elgium
Finland
Portuga l.
U orse
e l th nd soc i l problems re worse i n more un e qu l coun tries
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THE EQ U LITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Leve l 200 9
National income per person )
3 3 5 45
Sweden
Norway Switzerland
Belgium
.FinlandNeth erlan1s
ImprisonmentTeen age birthsTrustObesity
Mental illness inc . drug andaicobo l addiction)Socia l mobility
Homicides
justralia Austria
Cana da Denm ark
FranceGennany
t ly Spain
LifeexpectancyMaths literacyInfant mo rtality
Index includes:
IrelandNew Ze alan d
Greece
U
Portugal
USA.
Better
Worse
e lth nd soci l problem s re not rel te d to ver ge inc om ein rich countrie s
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TH QU LITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The S pirit Le vel 2009
Low
tt r
R SC G KYTXNVNC
NM C M O OK N MI Z MDDENYOR RI NJ S O CT
W M T MD
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Income inequa lityHigh
K
l
S ors
e a lth a nd s ocia l problems a re worse i n mo re un e qu a l U s ta tes
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TH Q U LITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009
3
T
1 5
OR H I_ RI1 KS V
C O
WIWAUT N E
SO ME
M T IA MA
N O VT MN N H
2 25
Inc ome per person )
B e tt e r
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Fl MI C A
L K O E
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NC
O IN
NVNG
X
C
l Sorse
Heal th and soc ia l problems a re o nly weakly re la ted to averageincome in US states
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THE EQU LITY TRU STource: W ilkinson Pic kett , TheSpirit Leve l 200 9
HighIncome inequalityow
UKorse
New Zea land
Israel
Austra lia France
Portuga l
Canada Italy Ireland Greeceustria
Belgium
Swi tzerland Spain
Japan
Finland
0 62p value
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13/38 TH QU LITY TRU S Tource: W ilkinson Pic ke tt, TheSpirit Leve l 200 9
45
Nationa l income per person )
5
Worse
New Zealand
Israe l
USA
France.
Australiaapan
Ireland Austria Porrugal
Canada lg iomItalyGerman y
Greece
NorwaySwitzerlandDenmark Spain
Swede n
Nethe rlands
Finland
Better
h ild we llbe ing is u nrel te d to ve r ge i ncomes in rich cou ntries
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THE EQU LITY TRUSTou rce : Wilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009
HighIncome inequa lityow
o
Portugal
Greece
Irelandelgium
AustnJ ia
Fran ce
USA.
Switzerla ndCanada .
Germany Austria. Spain
Japan
New Zealand
Q
J 4 c
Q
aoQato
~
etherlands Denmark
Sweden
Norway
Finland
0.66p value
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THE E QU LITY TRU S Tource: Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Lev e l 2009
Income inequa lity
e NCe AR
KYee rxe wv
e sc
e OH
High
e M S
e L
e CT
r 0 70p value
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THE EQUALITY TRU S Tou rce : Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Leve l 200 9
HighIncome inequalityow
S
t aly
SpainGermany Japan
Belgium
Netherlands
France
0 73p value
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THE EQU LITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , Th e S pirit Leve l 200 9
0 63
p value
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TH QU LITY TRU S Tource: Wilkinson P ickett , Th e S pirit Leve l 2009
HighIncome inequalityow
76 Portugal
Denmark
USA Ireland
8 Sweden
Spain _Canada Israel Switze rland Australiac: France
Italyl
Austria Ql Germany
J7 8 Finland
Neth erlands Singapor e
r= 0 44p value 0 04Japan
8
ife expect ncy is longer in more equ l rich countrie s
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THE EQUA LITY TRU S Tource: W ilkinson Pic kett , TheSpirit Leve l 200 9
Income inequalityHighow
Singapore .
Japan Sweden
Norway Finla nd
France
Spain
Italy
Belgium
Austria . Switzerland
Cana da
Usrae l Denmar k
PortugalNew Zea land Ireland
= 42
p value
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USA
n f nt mort lity r tes re h ighe r in more une qu l countr ies
c
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20/38=THE EQUALITY TRU S Tourc e : Wilkinson P ickett , Th e S pirit Lev el 2009
HighIncome inequa lityow
Japan
Swi tzerla nd
Italy
Canada Spai n
Netherlan ds
Belgium Norway
~wede n
New ZealandDen mark A ustna
Portuga l
Gennany
Irelan d
UK
inland2 < G
~
0 S 7p value =
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THE EQUA LITY TRU S Tource: W ilkinson Pic ke tt, TheSpi rit Le ve l 200 9
HighIncome ineq ua lityow
Low
Israel
Greece
Portugal
Italy
Spain
USA orway
Denm ark A
Germanyusma
Swi tzerland
Ireland
Franceweden
Austral iaNew Zealand
Canada
ethe rlands
Japan
e
O.,
0 5
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.
., c
r = 0 45p value 0 04Finland
High
d uc tion l scores re h ighe r in more e qu l r ich countrie s
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= THE EQ UALITY TRUST
T
l
S ou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The S pirit Le vel 2009
Low10
High
NY
r = 79
p value =
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THE EQU LITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009
HighIncome inequa lityow
Italy Switzerl and
Fran ce Spain
Netherlands
Greece
L
aV>
s
iii
Portugal
0
~ 30
~
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o
Uew Zealand
Austria
orway
BelgiumFinlan d Denma rk
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=T HE EQ U ALITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkinson P ickett , Th e S pirit Lev el 2009
A K
40 UT e VA
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p value =
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THE E QUALITY TR USTour ce: W ilkinso n P ickett , The Spir it Le ve l 200 9
HighIncome inequa lityow
Singapo re
ustralia
Nethe rlands .Greece UK Germany ~witzerland New Zealand
Ireland
Spai n
wedenBelgium _
r:; enmarkA ustna
Japan Norway
Israel.
ortugalinland
4,Q
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0
v
0.47p value 0_02
USA
60
omici de r tes re higher in m ore u ne qu l r ich co un tries
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THE E QUALITY TRU STource: W ilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le ve l 200 9
r 0 42 p value
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THE EQ UALITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009
HighIncome inequa lityow
Sweden
inlan d.Low
German y.
Netherlands
witzerland
Denmark
Norway
Ireland
Portugal
Greece .
c:c France
fl ustriaBelgium
0.62
p value
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TH E E QUALITY TR US Tou rce: W ilkinson P ickett , TheSpir it Lev el 2009
HighIncome inequa lityow
Gre ece
Norw ay Japan
50
Austria
Portugal
o
c0
gNew Zea land50
U SA400
r = 0 75p value =
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THE EQ U LITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009
HighIncome i neq ua lityow
800 eath penalty :Red retaine d
Blue abolishe drx Lr 0 48
OK p value
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T HE E Q U LIT Y T RU STou rce: W ilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009
HighIncome inequa lityow
Low
S
Norw ay
wede nFInland Den mark Canad a
High 93
p value = < 1
oci l mobility is lower in more un e qu l co untries
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THE EQUALITY TRU S Tou rce : Wilkinson P ickett , The S pirit Leve l 200 9
2S
C02 emiss ions me tric tons per cap ita
5
Botsw ana So uth Africa
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Russia
lcraine
Sa udi Arabia
K uw ait .USA
Austr aliaanada
Japan .
Costa Rica UK. Nor way reland
_ tI Libya~. \A... ..
70 ~
.
...
Over deve lope d countries? High life expe ctancy ca n b eachieved w ith low CO 2 em iss ions
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THE E QUALITY TRU S Tource: Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpir it Lev e l 2009
HighIncome ineq ua lityow
1
taly Australia Por tugal
Spain USA UK
c:eQ
1Q>
6 >5
>
Qa ::
SwitzerlandGermany
0 82
p value
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TH QU LITY TRU S Tource: Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpir it Lev e l 2009
B lairajorhatc h er
r-o-
0~ 1. 4
:~
j
.; 00
1. 2
ccOJOJ
~
..0
>Ceoc
ina
Tren ds in UK income ine qu a lity 979 2 5 6
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T H Q U LITY TRUSTource:W ilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le ve l 2009
Clintonusheaganarter Bushord
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.; 00
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Trends in US incom e inequa lity 1975 2 5
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THE EQU LITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , TheSpir it Lev el 2009
Pol itics should now be abo ut the quality of soci al rela tions and how w e ca ndeve lop ha rmonious and s usta inable societ ies
The rich de ve loped soc ie ties ha ve re a ched a turning po int in hum a n his tory
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www equ litytrust org uk
TH QU LITY TRUST
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N
Prisoners per 100.00 01997 8. U S D e pa rt m ent of Justice
Hom idde ra te per 100.00 01999FB I
Sirths per 10 0 0 w o m e n age d 1519 years
2000US National i Statistics
Combined average of m th s and reading scores for 8 gradet S2003US Department of Educatio n. National Center for Educa tion Stansocs e verse oded
Av er ag e n um be r o ( d a ysin paS t m onth when mental h e al th w a s t good199 3 - 2001. B RF S S
Pe rcentage of the population with BM I >30. averaged for m en and women .19992002Estim.tes from rof Ezzati. Harvard University. based on NHAN ES . dB RF S S surveys
Deams in the first ye.r of life per 100 0 hv e births2002US Nat ional C en te r for H ea lth St atistic s
life expectancy at birt h t men and women2000U S Cen sus Bcreau. Population. Di vision R a ve rs e c od e d
P er ce nt o fpeople w ho respond positively to the st.tem en t m oS t p eo ple n truSted 1999
G.oera l Sodal Survey R evers e c o de d
US state data
Corre la tion between famer and so n s i nc om e30 yea r period data fno m8 cohort srudie sLondon Sc hool of Economics
Log of pri soners per 10 0.00 0United Nations
Homi ci de rate per 100.00 0Period average for 199 02000United Nations
Births per 100 0 wom en aged 1519 years
19 98UNICEF
C ombine d av erage of m aths literacy an d rea ding literacy scores of ISyear aids2000OECD PISA R e ve r se codt i
Prevalence of mcntailitnes s20 012003WHO
2002Internation ol Obesity Taskforce
wo n
Percentage of the populauon with B MI >30 . average d for men and
Dea ths in the first y ear of life per 100 0 live births2000W orldS.nk
Life expectancy at birth for m en a n d w o m e n2004United Nations Human Development Repon R e ver s e c od e d
Perc ent of people who ~spond poSl~ the statement m ostpe ople can be t Sled 19992001
W orld Values Survey R e vers e codt i
ntema tlonal data
Soda l mob il it y
Imposonmen.
Homkides
Teena ge birth rate
Education
Mental health
Obesrty
Infan t moru lit)
life expectanCy
Tru st
ompone nt
Sources of data for the ind ex of health and soci al prob lems
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